新疆乌鲁木齐地区变应性鼻炎患者吸入性变应原分析

Analysis on allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in Urumqi Xinjiang

目的:探讨新疆乌鲁木齐地区变应性鼻炎(AR)患者主要吸入性变应原的种类及分布特征,为本地区AR的诊断、治疗、预防及流行病学调查提供一定的理论依据。方法:采用阿罗格皮肤点刺试验(SPT)对门诊疑似AR患者进行吸入性变应原检测。收集340例样本,对SPT结果阳性的患者按其民族、年龄、性别分组,比较各组患者对各吸入性变应原阳性率的差异。结果:340例AR患者SPT总阳性率为94.7%,以蒿属最高(66.2%),其后依次为藜(51.2%)、杨属(42.6%)、榆科(40.9%)、柳(33.8%)、梯牧草(27.6%)、粉尘螨(21.2%)、屋尘螨(17.9%)、豚草(15.9%)、狗毛(11.2%)、猫毛(10.6%)、蟑螂(8.5%)、交链孢菌属(5.6%)、白色念珠菌(3.5%)。其中,少数民族组对杨属、柳、梯牧草及交链孢菌属4种变应原的敏感程度均高于汉族组(P<0.05);不同年龄段间变应原阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=59.076,P<0.01);不同性别之间吸入性变应原阳性率差异无统计学意义。结论:蒿属、藜、杨属、榆科为乌鲁木齐地区最主要的变应原;少数民族与汉族AR患者在变应原敏感度上有差异;吸入性变应原的阳性率与年龄有关,与性别无关。

Objective：Understand the main types and characteristics of inhaled allergens in allergic rhinitis patients in Urumqi,Xinjiang,and provide theoretical basis for diagnosis,treatment,prevention of local allergic rhinitis and epidemiological investigation.Method：Inhaled allergen detecting on suspected patients with allergic rhinitis in clinic by the allergopharma skin prick test.Group the skin prick test positive patients of 340 samples according to their nationality,age and gender,then compare the inhaled allergen differences between them.Result：The total positive rate with allergic rhinitis prick test in 340 cases is 94.7%,of which the highest proportion is Artemisia（66.2%）,followed by Chenopodium album（51.2%）,poplar（42.6%）,Ulmus（40.9%）,Liu（33.8%）,Timothy（27.6%）,dust mite（21.2%）,house dust mite（17.9%）,ragweed（15.9%）,dog（11.2%）,cat（10.6%）,cockroach（8.5%）,Alternaria（5.6%）and Candida albicans（3.5%）.The sensitivity of poplar,willow,Timothy and Alternaria of the minority group is higher than the Han group（P 〈0.05）.The allergen positive rate difference among different age group has statistical significance（χ2=59.076,P〈0.01）.Conclusion：Artemisia,Chenopodiaceae,poplar and elm are the main allergens in Urumqi area.There is a difference in allergen sensitivity between Minority and Han nationality patients.There is no statistical significance on inhaled allergen positive rate between different genders.Specific allergens can provide basis for the prevention and control of allergic diseases in Urumqi area.