银川市儿童变应性鼻炎流行病学特征调查

Survey on the prevalence of childhood allergic rhinitis in Yinchuan

目的：调查银川市5~14岁儿童变应性鼻炎（AR）流行病学特征,并分析其相关危险因素。方法：随机选取银川市8个社区的5~14岁儿童作为研究对象,发放800份问卷进行流行病学调查,根据问卷结果筛选AR可疑对象并进行专科检查予以确诊,对调查结果进行统计学处理。结果：收回问卷716份,其中有效问卷662份。明确诊断为AR的患儿97例（14.65%）,其中持续性AR患儿20例（20.61%）;间歇性AR患儿77例（79.38%）。男、女患病率差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.454,P〉0.05）;汉族15.72%,回族11.35%,两者之间无统计差异（χ2=2.055,P〉0.05）;5~9岁儿童患病率13.80%,10~14岁儿童患病率19.72%,两者之间患病率有统计学差异（χ2=4.056,P〈0.05）。银川地区儿童AR发病率最高的月份为7~9月份,吸入性变应原主要为艾蒿、杂草、蒲公英、禾本类、刺槐、豚草、柳树类季节性植物。AR儿童最常见的伴发疾病是鼻窦炎,占15.46%;其次为哮喘占14.43%及过敏性结膜炎占14.43%。伴药物过敏史者占12.37%,合并食物过敏者占26.80%。在AR危险因素中,有家族史者占30.92%,非母乳喂养占34.02%,动物饲养史占19.59%;暴露于被动吸烟环境者占42.26%;家庭新装修后1年内出现AR症状者占12.37%。仅有家族史及非母乳喂养情况与正常儿童的差别有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：银川市5~14岁儿童AR患病率为14.65%。初步了解银川市儿童AR流行病现状,为本地区进一步AR标准化防治工作提供指导。

Objective：To investigate the epidemic features of childhood allergic rhinitis（AR）and correlative risk factors in Yinchuan.Method：A questionnaire survey on AR was conducted among 800 children in eight communities,aged from 5to 14 years old,by random cluster sampling,from March 2012 to March 2013 in Yinchuan.Suspects of AR,as identified by the survey,were recommended to specialist examinations for accurate diagnosis.The results were statistically analyzed.Result：Seven hundred and sixteen questionnaires were returned and 662 questionnaires were available.The prevalence rate of AR in children aged from 5to 14 is 14.65% in Yinchuan.Seventy-nine point thirty-eight percent children suffered from intermittent AR,while 20.61% children suffered from persistent AR.The difference of prevalence between female（13.57%）and male（15.44%）was insignificant statistically（χ2=0.454,P 〉0.05）.The difference of prevalence between the Han（15.72%）and the Hui（11.35%）insignificant statistically（χ2=2.055,P〉0.05）.The prevalence of AR children aged five to nine years was 13.80%,as aged ten to fourteen years was 19.72%.There was a significante differece between two groups（χ2=4.056,P〈0.05）.The most explosive outbreak month in children with allergic rhinitis was July to September.The most common allergens found in patients were seasonal plants：mugwort,weed,dandelion,cereal,locust,ragweed,and willow.Fifteen point forty-six percent patients with AR also had rhinitic,14.43% patients had asthma and 14.43% patients had allergic conjuncti-vitis.The history of drug allergy accounted for 12.37%in patients with AR,and food allergy accounted for 26.80%.In allergic rhinitis risk factors,family history accounted for 30.92%,non-breastfeeding representing accounted for 34.02%,animal feeding history accounted for19.59%;exposure to passive smoking accounted for 42.26%;domestic decoration accounted for 12.37%.There were significante difference between AR children and normal in family history and non-breastfeeding（P〈0.05）.Conclusion：The prevalence rate of AR in children aged from 5to 14 in Yinchuan is 14.45%.Strategy of prevention and treatment of AR should be worked out according to the epidemic feature of AR.