《资本论》视野的农工关系演变轨迹

Evolvement Trace of Agriculture and Industry Relation Based on View of "Das Kapital"

农业是最古老的物质生产部门。自从工业从农业部门中分离出来,发展速度一直领先于农业部门。相对于农业,工业是先进生产力的代表。农业工业化是传统农业转变为现代农业的必由之路,有利于迅速提高农业生产率和劳动生产率,从根本上改变农业落后面貌。但是,农业工业化并不意味着完全消除农业与工业的差别,把农业"化"为工业,"合二而一"。农业与工业的本质差别是不可消除的,不论农业工业化和现代化程度多高,只有自觉遵循农业发展的客观规律,保持农业生态系统平衡,始能确保农业的可持续发展。这是《资本论》这部经典著作有关农工关系演变轨迹的重要论断。

Agriculture is the oldest material production department. Since the industry separated from the agricultural sector, the speed of its development has been ahead of that of the agricultural sector. Relative to agriculture, industry is the representative of advanced productive forces. Agricultural industrialization is the only way for traditional agriculture changing into modern agriculture. It is beneficial to improve agricultural productivity and labor productivity, and fundamentally change the backwardness of agriculture. But agricultural industrialization doesn＇t mean completely eliminate the difference between agriculture and industry, or change the agriculture into industry, ＂two combine into one＂. The essential difference between agriculture and industry is indelible, regardless of how high degree of industrialization and modernization of agriculture, only consciously follow the objective law of the development of agriculture, to keep the balance of agricultural ecosystem, beginning to ensure agricultural sustainable development. This is an important judgment of the classic ＂Das Kapital ＂ about the relationship between peasants and workers.