补充鸡蛋与牛奶对贫困农村儿童体格发育的影响

Effects of egg and milk supplementation on growth and development among children in poor rural area

目的：评估补充鸡蛋与牛奶对贫困农村地区儿童体格发育及体成分的影响。方法于2013年4月，采用单纯随机抽样的方法，在广西壮族自治区田阳县4个乡镇分别抽取1所小学为干预学校。干预措施为：每个学习日给学生发放鸡蛋和牛奶，1枚鸡蛋的净重为50 g，且略带咸味，牛奶为超高温瞬时灭菌（UHT奶）的学生奶，净重200 g；所有干预学校的食堂配备标准厨房设备。同时，采用上述抽样方法，在同一乡镇抽取1所与干预学校社会经济水平、教学质量、规模相当的学校作为对照学校，不采取上述干预措施。采用单纯随机抽样的方法，从干预和对照学校的1～5年级的每个年级各抽取1个班，每班学生人数约为25名。2013年4月初开展基线调查，1年后对该人群开展随访调查，测量学生的身高、体重和体成分等。基线时共调查学生978名，干预组552名，对照组426名，年龄范围为6～13岁。采用t检验比较各组间差异，采用多因素非条件logistic回归模型分析营养不良的影响因素。结果干预1年后，随访学生892名，干预组515名，对照组377名。干预组男生体重增长（3.6±1.7）kg，高于对照组[（2.9±1.5）kg]（t=4.40，P〈0.001）；干预组与对照组瘦体重增长值分别为（2.6±1.4）和（2.0±1.2）kg（t=3.95，P〈0.001）。干预组学生营养不良检出率较基线降低11.8%，高于对照组（4.7%）（χ2=16.90，P〈0.001）；与对照组相比，干预组营养不良的风险降低了63.0%（OR=0.37，95%CI：0.23~0.59），干预措施对超重肥胖的影响无统计学意义（OR=1.68，95%CI：0.57～4.94）。结论补充牛奶和鸡蛋后，贫困农村儿童营养状况有所改善。

Objective To evaluate the effects of egg and milk supplementation on growth and development and body composition among children in poor rural area in Tianyang County of Guangxi province. Methods Total four schools were randomly selected from four towns in Tianyang County of Guangxi province as intervention group in April, 2013. The intervention measures included that these students were given salty egg （net weight： 50 g） and ultra-high-temperature-sterilization school milk （net weight： 200 g） every school day and these schools were equipped with standard kitchens. Another four schools of familiar socio-economic level, teaching quality and size from the same town were randomly chosen as control group and none of the intervention measures were implemented. About 25 students were randomly selected and stratified by grades from grade one to grade five. The height, weight, and body composition of all students were measured in April, 2013 and one year after the intervention. A total of 978 students were measured at baseline from age 6 to 13, 552 students as intervention group and 426 as control group. t-test was used to compare the differences between groups and multivariate unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze the factors of malnutrition. Results After one year intervention, 892 students were＆amp;nbsp;measured randomly, with 515 students in intervention group and 377 in control one. The average weight of boys in intervention group increased （3.6 ± 1.7） kg compared with baseline. It was significantly higher than that of control group （（2.9 ± 1.5） kg） （t=4.40, P〈0.001）. The boy＆#39;s lean body mass of intervention group increased （2.6 ± 1.4） kg, higher than the control group （（2.0 ± 1.2） kg） （t=3.95, P〈0.001）. The decrease of malnutrition rate of intervention schools（11.8%） was significantly higher than that of the control schools （4.7%,χ2=16.90,P〈0.001）, and the odds ratio was 0.37 （95%CI：0.23-0.59）. The risk difference of overweight and obesity was not statistically significant between the two groups （OR=1.68, 95%CI：0.57-4.94）. Conclusion After supplementing milk and egg, the nutritional status of the poor rural pupils was improved.