免疫接种对控制慢性病的作用综述

Role of vaccination in chronic disease prevention and control

慢性病是影响我国居民健康的重大公共卫生问题。有证据显示，除了膳食结构不合理、身体活动不足、吸烟和酗酒4大主要危险因素，慢性病的流行及严重结局还与许多传染病有关。其中，越来越多的癌症被证实存在感染性病因；而许多慢性病（如糖尿病、心脏病、肺部疾病）患者感染流感、肺炎等传染病的风险显著升高，感染后也更易于出现病症恶化及死亡等不良结局。流行病学研究证实，通过接种针对性的疫苗，肝癌、宫颈癌可得到有效预防；接种流感或肺炎疫苗可降低多种慢性病相关的住院或死亡风险以及住院费用。WHO及其他多个专业组织已对慢性病患者接种疫苗提出了建议。针对感染性因素采取措施是慢性病防控的一个重要方面，今后需加强相关研究。

Chronic non-communicable disease is a major public health problem affecting the health of residents in china. Evidence shows that, in addition to four major risk factors, i.e. unreasonable dietary, lack of physical activity, smoking and drinking, epidemic and severe outcome of chronic disease is associated with many infectious diseases. Increasingly cancers have been shown to have an infectious etiology. There is also a significantly increased risk of infectious disease such as influenza, pneumonia and other infectious disease in people with pre-existing chronic non-communicable diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and lung diseases. And more than that, there is a high risk of susceptibility to death and severe outcomes among them. Epidemiological studies has confirmed, that through targeted vaccine inoculation, liver cancer, cervical cancer can be effectively prevented, while influenza or pneumonia vaccine are related to reduced risk of hospitalization or death and hospitalization expenses regarding with a variety of chronic diseases. World Health Organization and several other professional organizations have put forward recommendations on vaccine inoculation of chronic disease patients. Programs targeting infectious factors are also an important aspect of chronic diseases prevention and control, therefore, related researches need to be strengthened in the future.