非正式教育制度与正式教育制度的冲突——基于我国当前教育改革实践的思考

Conflicts between Official Education System and Non-official Education System:A reflection based on current education reform practice

教育制度是对教育系统中人们的行为具有规范与约束作用的规则。在教育改革过程中经常会产生非正式教育制度与正式教育制度的冲突,其形成具有周期不确定性、潜在性与影响广泛性等特点。当前我国非正式教育制度与正式教育制度的冲突主要表现为应试教育传统与素质教育改革政策的冲突、学科中心论的课程传统与基础教育课程改革政策的冲突、片面追求升学率的功利主义理念与促进人的全面发展教育方针的冲突。导致非正式教育制度与正式教育制度之间冲突的原因包括传统观念的固守与坚持、正式组织教育改革推进方式的简化与激进、正式组织与社会公众之间对话机制的缺乏、政策反应的迟缓与冷漠四个方面。把促进人的全面发展作为冲突协调的基本律令与价值准则,积极培育两种制度系统中自主创新性的文化,合理安排正式教育制度变革的节律与进程,构建灵活多元的民主协商与对话机制,是协调正式教育制度与非正式教育制度的重要方略。协调非正式教育制度与正式教育制度冲突的过程是一个重构正当性、合理性价值与秩序的过程。

Education system is the regulations placed on people＇s behaviour for standardization and restriction.The process of education reform may witness constant conflicts between official education system and non-official education system,characterized with uncertainty in periodicity,potentiality and influence popularity.The current conflicts in China are embodied in those between the examination-oriented education system and the quality-oriented reform policies,those between the discipline-centred curriculum tradition and the elementary curriculum reform policies,and those between the utilitarianism for one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate and the education policy for promoting people＇s overall development.The author accordingly analyzes the key reasons for such conflicts and puts forward a number of measures for the solution.