德性与知识——《美诺篇》中柏拉图哲学思想探析

The Ethics and the Knowledge——Plato's Wisedom in Meno

有关德性与知识问题的探究是人类哲学史上的一笔宝贵遗产。古希腊先哲苏格拉底,一生追求各种德性的普遍定义,至死不渝。其最杰出的弟子柏拉图,在对话作品《美诺篇》中以苏格拉底与美诺的对话形式,表达了苏格拉底哲学的基本原则——"德性即知识"。这个观点在哲学史上具有开创性意义。值得注意的是,德性这种知识有特殊性,虽然可教,却不是纯粹的灌输,需要一系列的引导、启发,最终引领人们走向知识和德性。柏拉图在《美诺篇》对话中构造了一种关于知识及其对象的理论,关注人们获取知识的途径,因而可以看作是柏拉图"相论"的一个重要导论。

Exploration on the problem of virtue and knowledge is a precious heritage in human philosophical history. Socrates, the ancient Greek sages lifetime committed to the pursuit of various universal definition of virtue, fill the end. Socrates, as the most outstanding disciple, works in dialogue ＂Meno＂, in the form of Socratic＇ s dialogue expressed promise fundamental principles of Socratic philosophy - ＂Virtue is knowledge. ＂The virtue is regarded as knowledge is Socrates in groundbreaking views in the history of philosophy. It is worth noting that this knowledge has particularity, although they may be taught, is not pure indoctrination, requires a series of guidance, inspiration, and ultimately lead the people to the knowledge and virtue.Plato in the ＂Meno＂ dialogue construct a theory of knowledge and its objects, people concerned about the way to acquire knowledge, which can be seen as Plato ＂idea theory＂ is an important introduction.