嵌入式治理：欧盟气候公共产品供给的跨层次分析

Embedded Governance: A Cross-level Analysis on the Provision of Public Goods for Climate Change in the European Union

气候变化治理是一种典型的"存量外部性"全球公共产品,多元主体往往引发"集体行动的困境"。欧盟公共产品的供给逻辑却超越了传统的主权国家模式,呈现出复杂的"多层治理"特性。它超国家、国家与次国家三层治理的有机整合,一度成为全球气候治理的领导者。正是超国家、国家与次国家的三层镶嵌,欧盟气候治理网络才构成一个有机整体,其中社会资本就是凝聚各方合力的关键变量。根据制度型社会资本与关系型社会资本的组合差异,可以揭示出欧盟跨层治理的运作机理。欧盟气候治理的成功源于社会资本的跨层次整合:欧盟与成员国之间构成"制度强连带",欧盟与次国家行为体之间构成"关系强连带",以及欧洲国家与次国家之间则构成"双重强约束"。

Climate change governance is typical 'external 'global public goods,and the diversity of actors involved in the governance means that collective action is often a problem. However,the logic of the provision of public goods in the European Union goes beyond the traditional mode of sovereign countries and displays a feature of complex 'multi-level governance. 'By integrating the supranational,national,and subnational levels,the European Union has become a leader in global climate change governance. It is the integration and embeddedness of the three levels that have made the European Union's climate change governance an organic functioning whole. Social capital is the key glue in this process. The different combination of institutional social capital and network social capital sheds light on the cross-level governance mechanism of the European Union. The success lies in the cross-level integration of social capital: the 'institutional strong ties'between the European Union and its member states,the 'network strong ties'between the European Union and subnational actors,and the 'dual strong constraints'between European states and subnational actors.