宁南旱地垄覆沟作对土壤水分及马铃薯产量的影响

Effect of Ridge with Plastic Cover and Furrow Sowing on Soil Water Content and Potato Yield in Dryland of Southern Ningxia

以庄薯3号为试验材料,研究了不同栽培方式对宁南旱地土壤水分、马铃薯产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,垄覆沟播栽培方式生育期较CK提前4d,淀粉累积延长5d,提高了马铃薯生育期内干物质累积量。垄覆集雨有效提高了马铃薯现蕾期—盛花期40cm以下土壤含水率,并增加了1m土体贮水量(P<0.05)。垄覆沟播处理马铃薯产量最高为34 908.0kg/hm2,较CK增产39.1%,差异显著,同时增加马铃薯单株个数,提高单株产量和单薯重。垄覆沟播处理马铃薯水分利用效率为69.0kg/(hm2·mm),较CK增加43.5%,但与覆膜垄作无显著差异,其趋势为垄覆沟作>覆膜垄作>裸地垄作>裸地平作。垄覆沟播可作为宁南旱地解决马铃薯高产高效的技术途径。

Using Zhuangshu 3 as experimental material, the effects of different cultivation modes on soft moisture, the potato yield and water use efficiency were analyzed in dryland of southern Ningxia. The re- sults showed that the ridge with plastic cover and furrow sowing potato growth period were ahead of 4 days, the accumulation of starch increased 5 days compared with CK. At the same time, potato dry mass was improved, and rainwater was collected with film mulching on ridge; Below soil depth of 40 cm, soil water content was improved in potato bud stage and flowering stage; Meanwhile, soil water storage in 1 m soil was significantly increased （P〈0.05）. Potato yield under ridge mulching and furrow sowing were the highest, which was 34 908 kg/hm2, increased by 39.1% than CK. At the same time, tuber number per plant, yield and tuber weight were also increased. Water use efficiency of ridge mulching and furrow so- wing potato was 69.0 kg/（hm2 · mm）, increased by 43.5% than CK, but had no significant difference with covered ridge sowing. The WUE trend was ridge mulching and furrow sowing〉covered ridge sowing 〉The bare ridge sowing〉CK. The ridge with plastic cover and furrow sowing could make the potato e- mergence earlier and starch accumulation postponed, increase the dry matter accumulation of potato, the soil water storage, yields and water use efficiency of potato, and it was a technical solution for high yield and high efficiency of potato in dryland of southern Ningxia.