苏联专家对新中国城市规划工作的帮助——以西安市首轮总规的专家谈话记录为解析对象

SOVIET EXPERTS' ASSISTANCE TO URBAN PLANNING IN NEW CHINA: WITH THE EXPERTS' CONVERSATION RECORD ON THE FIRST MASTER PLAN OF XI'AN AS THE ANALYSIS OBJECT

以"一五"时期西安市首轮城市总体规划为例,通过对苏联专家谈话记录进行深入解析,再现了苏联专家对我国城市规划工作进行帮助的鲜活事实。苏联专家对我国城市规划工作的帮助,既有城市规划的基本依据和规划原则等指导思想的明确,也有城市规划的科学基础、标准定额、设计方法和成果规范等工作内容的指导,还有签订协议文件等制度建设方面的建议。苏联专家对规划工作的帮助是全面、系统而深入的,兼顾了理论和实践、远景和近期、苏联经验和中国实际等多方矛盾,体现了科学、严谨而务实的态度。在对建国初期城市规划事业创立和发展的认识方面,应对苏联专家的重要贡献予以客观评价。

With the first city master plan of Xi＇an during the ＂First Five-Year Plan＂ period as an example, the paper conducts a thorough analysis on the conversation record of Soviet experts at that period of time, and reveals the fact that Soviet experts provided great support to China＇s urban planning. Their help includes the clarification of guiding thoughts on fundamental basis and planning principles, the guidance on scientific foundation, standard quota, design methodology, and achievement norm of urban planning, and the suggestions on related institutions concerning contract and agreement signing. Giving considerations to both theoretical and practical conditions, long-term and short-term goals, and differences between the experience of Soviet Union and the practical condition of China, their assistance was completed, systematic, and thorough, which reflects the scientific, rigorous, and practical attitude of the experts. An objective assessment should be made on the contribution by Soviet experts to the establishment and development of urban planning in new China.