社区参与对历史街区保护的影响——以都江堰市西街历史文化街区灾后重建为例

INFLUENCE OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ON THE HISTORIC BLOCK CONSERVATION:A CASE STUDY ON THE POST-DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION OF XIJIE HISTORIC BLOCK,DUJIANGYAN

中国历史街区的保护更新多为地方政府或专家主导,这种自上而下的方式虽然使大量物质遗产得以保护,但往往会因缺乏社区价值的考量使街区的历史记忆被切断、社会肌理遭破坏。本文以四川省都江堰市西街历史文化街区为例,探讨在灾后重建背景下建立的社区参与机制对街区保护性更新的影响。研究发现,社区参与必然使保护政策和保护规划发生局部的调整,在保护项目的实施中需要更加注重居民需求、民间智慧及公平透明。由于部分居民个体化的、非理性的行为,遗产保护真实性和完整性目标的实现也受到了一定的挑战。社区参与是活态文化遗产保护的必然趋势,但须通过遗产教育、社区增能等方式倡导理性、组织化的参与,从而使共同的目标得以达成。

Historic block conservation and renewal in China is mainly led by local governments or experts. This top-down management mode has protected a considerable number of tangible heritages, but the historic memory and social fabric of the block are fragmented for lack of the evaluation of social value. This paper, with Xijie Historic Block of Dujiangyan in Sichuan Province as an example, discusses the influence of community participation mechanism on the block conservation and renewal in the context of post-disaster reconstruction. It finds that community participation would definitely lead to the partial adjustment of conservation policies and planning, so more attention should be paid to the requests and wisdom of local residents, as well as social justice. However, due to some residents＇ individual and irrational behaviors, the authenticity and integrity of heritage conservation have met with challenges. Accordingly, community participation is one of the inevitable choices for living cultural heritage conservation, and public heritage education on capacity building is necessary to foster rational and organized community participation, so as to achieve common objectives.