复杂曲面五轴端铣加工刀具轨迹规划研究进展

Research Progress in Tool Path Planning for Five-axis End Milling Machining of Sculptured Surfaces

五轴端铣加工是提高重点工业和国防领域复杂曲面类零部件加工质量和加工效率的重要手段。围绕刀位优化、刀路规划和刀轴矢量优化三个关键问题,综述近年来五轴端铣加工刀具轨迹规划技术的研究进展。根据刀具和工件曲面之间切触点数量,将五轴端铣加工刀位优化算法分为单点切触、多点切触和无切触点三类,并建立多点切触刀位优化的通用数学模型。然后系统梳理了刀路规划、全局干涉检测及刀轴矢量优化理论和方法。最后分析了当前研究存在的不足,指出五轴端铣加工刀具轨迹规划应该尽可能从整体角度出发,且应充分考虑机床的运动学和动力学特性,同时应加强多点切触加工理论和应用研究,使其在工程实际中真正发挥高效优势。

Five-axis end milling machining is an important means to improve the processing quality and processing efficiency for parts with sculptured surfaces in the key industry and national defense areas. Around the three critical issues including tool positioning, tool path and tool orientation optimization, the recent research progress of tool path planning for five-axis end milling machining is summarized. Based on the number of the cutter contact （CC） point between the tool and the design surface, the tool positioning optimization strategy of five-axis end milling machining is divided into three categories that are single-point contact, multi-point contact and non-point contact. And the general mathematic model of the multi-point contact tool positioning optimization is established. The theories and methods of tool path, global interference detection and tool orientation optimization are systematically discussed. The deficiencies in current research are analyzed. It is pointed out that tool path planning of five-axis end milling machining should be carried out from the overall perspective as far as possible, and fully considers the kinematic and dynamic properties of machine tool. Meanwhile, the theory and application research for multi-point contact machining should be strengthened to indeed play its efficiency advantage in engineering practice.