水肥状况对幼龄葡萄光合特性的影响研究

The Effect of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Grapes

不同水肥条件下,土壤中水分和养分含量各不相同,作物的产量和品质也会因此受到影响,而作物的产量与品质离不开叶片光合作用。为了探究水肥耦合对葡萄光合特性的影响,对不同水肥配比条件下的葡萄植株的光合作用进行观测和分析,结果表明:在葡萄的各生育阶段,光合速率与蒸腾速率均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,最大值都出现在果实膨大期。在9个不同水肥处理中,W2N1处理的光合速率值最大;W2N1、W2N1、W3N1处理的蒸腾速率值均高于其他处理。光合速率的日变化呈现整体先升高再降低的趋势,最大值出现在10-12时之间,最小值出现在中午14时;根据光合速率和蒸腾速率在果实膨大期的日变化,拟合出果实膨大期光合速率和蒸腾速率与水肥的定量关系,从蒸腾速率的日变化中发现总体上W1N1、W1N2、W1N3处理的葡萄蒸腾速率较高,水分消耗大;W2N1、W2N2、W2N3处理的葡萄蒸腾速率较低,水分消耗小,有一定的节水作用。

Under different water and fertilizer conditions ,soil moisture and nutrient content varies ,crop yield and quality will be af‐fected ,and the yield and quality of crops are inseparable from leaf photosynthesis .To explore the effect of fertilizer on photosynthet‐ic characteristics ,this paper explores different ratios of water under the condition of grape plant photosynthesis of observation and a‐nalysis .The results show that ：at each growth stage of grapes ,photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate shows a decreasing trend after the first increase ,the maximum appears in fruit enlargement .In nine different water and fertilizer treatments ,photosynthetic rate of W2N1 achieves maximum value .Transpiration rate values of W2N1 ,W2N1 ,W3N1 treatments are higher than other treat‐ments .The diurnal variation of the photosynthetic rate shows a trend of overall increase first ,decrease then ,the maximum appears between 10 to 12 points ,the minimum value in 14 at noon .According to the photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate in the diurnal variation of the fruit enlargement stage ,the quantitative relationship of photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate fit in with water and fertilizer at fruit enlargement period .From the diurnal variation of transpiration rate ,it is found that grape transpiration rate of W1N1 ,W1N2 ,W1N3 treatment is higher ,more water consumption .The grape transpiration rate of W2N1 ,W2N2 ,W2N3 treatment is lower ,less water-consuming ,there is a water-saving effect .