清代洞庭湖水上救助事业与社会成效研究——以岳州救生局为中心

Research on Lifeboat Lifesaving Cause and Social Effectiveness of Dongting Lake in Qing Dynasty:the Case of Yochow Rescue Bureau

本文主要对清代洞庭湖区水上救生事业进行全面而系统的社会史学的考察,并以此为切入点,透视清代地方公益事业的社会成效,及政府威权与社会力量的相辅相成、此消彼长的动态演变的发展沿革。研究表明,在湖区救生事业中官府扮演着举足轻重的作用,尤其在财务整顿、治理贪腐与营私作弊等问题上,而同时论证了19世纪中国社会并没有行之有效的所谓"自治";官办慈善组织与民办慈善组织具有很好的合作补充关系,在水上救助事业中是相互依存而发展的,后者同样重要;资源的有效整合是地方慈善事业长效有序发展的关键,这种慈善资源既包括了人、财、物这类物质性资源,也包含了管理运作等所必备的技术。社会历史学的实践证明,只有切实发挥政府的职能,官方与社会力量的通力合作,物质与技术的有效整合并将这三者揉入社会大慈善事业之中,才能保证整个慈善事业的有效持续发展。

The paper mainly investigates systematically the social history of Qing Dynasty in the Dongting Lake lifeboat and lifesaving cause. The main purpose of this study is to research reciprocal relationship between government and social elites. During the lifesaving cause, the government and local officials play the important role, especially in the financial reorganization, corruption and malpractice punishment. At the same time, it presents the interdependent relation between the government and people. It demonstrates the Chinese society of the 19th century, the so - called ＂autonomy＂ hadn＇ t worded. Effective integration of resources is the key to the healthy and orderly development of local charities, This charitable resources includes both human, financial and material resources, and also the necessary management and operation technology. Yochow Rescue Bureau＇ s experience in lifesaving cause has shown that only with the mass action, such as government functioning, official and social co - operation, the effective integration of material and technology, will the whole charity obtain sustained and effective development.