AM对重金属和有机污染土壤的修复及机理

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Remediation and Mechanisms on Heavy Metals and Organic Pollutants Contaminated Soils

随着现代农业科技的发展,土壤中污染物的种类和数量也迅速增加,这直接导致了我国可利用耕地土壤面积的减少,造成土地减产和大量的经济损失。如何恢复或修复遭受污染的土地成为21世纪环境生态治理的热点。菌根(Mycorrhiza)是土壤中某些真菌与植物根系形成的一种共生体,在自然界中普遍存在,最常见的类型是丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhiza,AM)。AM的自身代谢作用能将一些土壤污染物分解为无毒物质,其分泌的球囊霉素可以络合土壤中的重金属,并且AM与宿主植物建立共生关系后,不仅能改善植物的生长状况,还可引起植物根际微域环境的变化,如pH值、酶以及微生物的数量和种类等,这些都有助于降低土壤中污染物的含量。本文主要综述了AM在污染土壤方面的最新研究进展,重点阐述了其对重金属和有机污染土壤的修复效应及机理,并对目前研究中存在的问题以及未来研究方向做出探讨。

With the development of modern agricultural technology ,the kinds and amounts of contaminants in soil are al‐so increasing rapidly ,which led directly to the area of arable land can be used to reduce and cause land reduction of out‐put and amount of economic loss. Therefore ,how to restore or remediate of contaminated land has become a hot of envi‐ronment ecological management in the 21st century. Mycorrhiza is a kind of symbiont that fungi and plant roots formed , it is ubiquitous in nature ,and the most common type is arbuscular mycorrhizal（AM ）. The metabolism of AM can de‐compose some pollutants in the soil into non‐toxic substances ,and the glomalinwhich AM secrete can chelate heavy metals in the soil ,and after the AM establishing a symbiotic relationship with the host plant ,that not only improve the grow th conditions of plant ,but also cause changes in the rhizosphere micro domain environment ,such as pH value ,en‐zymes ,and the number and types of microorganisms and other ,all of which help to reduce the amount of contaminants in the soil. This paper reviewed the recent progress about AM in contaminated soils ,focusing on the effect and its reme‐diation mechanisms of heavy metal and organic contaminated soils ,and made discussion on the present research prob‐lems and future research direction.