无牙颌下颌种植修复患者的临床效果疗效分析

Clinical effect of implant-retained/supported prostheses in full edentulous patients

目的探讨无牙颌种植修复患者的临床效果,为其临床研究提供可参考依据。方法共纳入50例来该院行无牙颌下颌覆盖全口义齿种植修复的患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字法平均分为两组,在种植体基础上分别给予磁性附着体修复治疗组(磁性组)与球帽附着体修复治疗组(球帽组)。随访2年比较两组患者种植成功率及咀嚼效率,同时观察牙周健康情况。结果随访2年期间磁性组种植体失败1枚,占1.2%;球帽组失败2枚,占2.2%。两组失败种植体均为术后3月内发生。球帽组咀嚼效率明显高于磁性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后24月磁性组黏膜溃疡累计发生率明显高于球帽组,而修复体折裂累计发生率明显低于球帽组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着治疗时间延长,两组PD、BI、AL均有明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且术后6、12及24月磁性组PD、BI、AL下降更明显,与球帽组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。菌斑指数比较两组术后24月均明显低于术后6月,且术后24月磁性组明显低于球帽组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论无牙颌种植修复可以有效改善患者的口颌功能及咀嚼效率,提高患者生活质量,与球帽附着体相比,种植后行磁性附着体修复可以更好地提高患者的效果,种植体周围炎等并发症更少。

【Objective】To evaluate the clinical effect of implant prostheses in edentulous patients. 【Methods】Fifty edentulous patients were included. All the patients were randomly divided into magnetic attachment repair treatment group（magnetic group） and ball-cap attachment repair treatment group（ball-cap group）. Followed up for 2years, the satisfaction and periodontal health of both groups were compared. 【Results】The implant failure rate in the magnetic group was 1.2%, and that in the ball-cap group was 2.2%. The masticatory efficiency in the magnetic group was obviously higher than that in the ball-cap group with significant difference（P 0.05）. Within 24 months after operation, the cumulative incidence of mucosal ulcer in the magnetic group was higher than that in the ballcap group, but the restoration split in the magnetic group was lower than that in the ball-cap group with statistical differences（P 0.05）. The PD, BI and AL in the magnetic group 6 months after operation were lower than those in the ball-cap group, the differences were statistically significant（P 0.05）. The plaque index 24 months after operation was lower than that 6 months after operation in both groups with significant difference（P 0.05）. The plaque index 24 months after operation in the magnetic group was lower than that in the ball-cap group, the difference was statistically significant（P 0.05）.【Conclusions】The implant-retained repair in full edentulous patients can effectively improve the patient＇s function and masticatory efficiency. Compared with the ball-cap attachment, magnetic attachment repair can better improve the effect.