我国器官捐献供体短缺问题的伦理思考

Ethical Analysis on Shortage of Organ Donor in China

器官捐献的供体短缺问题已成为阻碍器官移植发展的瓶颈,而调查普遍显示的高社会赞成率与现实中实际的低捐献率形成巨大反差。恩格尔哈特俗世生命伦理学揭示了道德的多元化,并通过允许性原则接纳传统文化背景下的不同道德共同体和道德异乡人的存在。中国器官供体短缺也不仅仅是某种单一文化观念的结果,现实决策中受到多元化道德观念和个体认识的影响。器官捐献的宣传和推进需深入了解和把握不同道德伦理体系,有针对性地开展工作。

The shortage of organ donor has become a bottleneck for the further development of organ transplantation in China. There is a sharp contrast between high approval rate in social polls and low donation rate in practice. The principle of permission in Engelhardt＇s secular bioethics, revealing the moral pluralism, reminds us there are different moral communities and moral strangers in the traditional Chinese culture. In China, the shortage of organ donor should not be treated as a result of any single cultural concept but an outcome of both moral pluralism and individual awareness in practical decision making. To promote organ donation, it is necessary for practitioners to understand and grasp different ethical frameworks and set up a proper procedure according to a candidate＇s specific situation.