哈尔滨一次罕见持续雾霾天气的成因及特征分析

Cause and feature of a rare persistent haze weather in Harbin

本文通过环流形势、逆温层、能见度、相关的气象实况要素以及PM10和PM2.5的变化特征并针对哈尔滨在2013年10月19-23日出现的历史上罕见的雾霾天气进行了分析,得出雾霾天气出现的指标:高空850 h Pa形势的稳定维持,暖空气控制;地面回流稳定,处于弱高压控制,是导致大范围雾霾天气持续出现的主要背景。相对湿度增大,气压稳定,风速减小,温度降低等气象因子有利于强雾霾天气的出现及其维持。随着冷空气的侵入、降水的产生,风力的加大,逆温的破坏、温度的回升都能有利于雾霾浓度减弱或消散。当雾霾天气加重时,PM10与PM2.5值加大,说明气象条件与大气污染有极大的关系。

Analyzed a rare haze weather happened during October 19-23,2013 in Harbin with the circulation situation ,temperature inversion layer, visibility, related meteorological elements ,PMz5 and PM10. The results show that, the 850 hPa situation is stable and controlled by warm air , the ground return is stable, and controlled by weak high pressure, all those are the main background of the large range of fog and haze continue to appear. The increase of relative humidity, atmospheric stability, the decrease of wind speed and temperature are good for the emergence and maintenance of strong haze weather. But the invasion of cold air, precipitation, wind, temperature inversion increases, failure recovery can help haze concentration weaken or disappear. When the haze weather aggravated, PMt0 and PMz5 values increase, which indicate the meteorological conditions and air pollution have a great relationship.