抗战期间广州生活必需品价格研究

A Study of the Price of the Necessities for Life in Guangzhou During the Period of the Anti-Japanese War

1937年8月31日,日军首次空袭广州,经历一年多的轰炸,广州于1938年10月沦陷。沦陷期间日军对广州的工业、商业、金融业的全面统制和掠夺,导致广州生活必需品价格较抗战前动荡多变,呈现出高涨至低廉,再由低廉至高涨,并最终走向崩溃的折线。抗战期间生活必需品价格畸形发展的最主要原因是战争;日军对广州实行经济操控以达其"以战养战"侵略政策导致金融秩序混乱;国民政府为了平衡收支大量增发货币导致严重通货膨胀,以及商人囤积居奇推动物价进一步高涨;加之抗战期间广东自然灾害频发,加重物资短缺。生活必需品价格动荡严重影响百姓生活,致使商业萧条,人民生活极度困难,饿殍载道,沦为难民者多。

Japanese troops air attacked Guangzhou on August 31st, 1937. The air raid lasted for more than a year and Guangzhou was occupied on October, 1938. Japanese troops then controlled the industry, business and financial circles completely and performed economic plunder,which made the unstability of price for the necessities in daily life. The price trend presented a polyline that moved from high to low,then ran from low to high, and finally collapsed. The main reason of the freakish development of the price was the war. Japanese aggressive policy of sustaining the war by means of war brought about financial disorder. The price was driven up further by the two affairs： national government printed more money leading to serious inflation;businessmen hoarded and profiteered. Meanwhile, natural disasters also aggravated the shortage of materials. The unstable price had serious influence on people＇s life. Consequently,business depression occurred;people＇s life were very hard;the bodies of the starved could be seen everywhere; many people became refugees. Although it has been nearly 70 years since the victory of the war,people still could not forget that hard time.