机械式立体停车库中巷道防火分隔效果研究

Study on the performance of roadway fireproofing in the stereo garage

使用火灾CFD模拟软件Fire Dynamic Simulator （FDS）建立某机械式立体停车库的火灾动力学模型，研究停车库内巷道的防火分隔作用和巷道顶部的排烟窗对烟气的控制情况。确定了此机械立体停车库的火灾发生概率为0．00786起／年，并调研了车库汽车火灾的热释放速率模型。根据模拟结果，当巷道一侧一辆车着火后，巷道另一侧车辆受到的辐射热流密度为0．6 kW／m2～2．0 kW／m^2，不会引燃巷道另一侧车辆，利用巷道空间作为防火分隔措施是可行的。巷道顶部自然排烟百叶对于控制烟气有着显著作用，在顶层距地面10 m高度处，500 s时仅起火停车单元及其对面停车单元能见度低于10 m ，而未开设排烟窗时整个车库能见度均降至10 m以下，局部区域在2m以下。

Effects of fire separation and top smoke exhaust of the roadway in the mechanical and stereo garage are studied by Fire Dynamics Simulator （FDS） .The fire probability of this stereo garage is confirmed as 0 .00786 case/year .According to previous researches ,the heat release rate of single car is studied .For a 6 m wide roadway ,simulation results show that a fire in one side would not ignite cars in the other side with a radiation ranging from 0 .6 kW/m^2 to 2 .0 kW/m^2 .When setting shutters on the roof ,the visibility of the burning storage unit and its opposite unit at 500 s at the 10 m height decreases less than 10 m ,while the visibility of the whole garage would drop to 10 m below ,even under 2 m partly if not setting shutters on the roof .All above demonstrate that natural smoke exhausting on the top could control hot smoke effectively .