煤矸石淋滤液对小麦种子及幼苗的生态毒性研究

Ecotoxicity of Coal Gangue Leaching Filtrate on Wheat Seed and Seedlings

以山西省农业科学院提供的小麦品种长麦6135为研究对象，采用室内培养方法和柱状淋溶装置，模拟大气降水，用5个不同浓度的煤矸石淋滤液处理小麦种子，分析其对小麦发芽势、发芽率、叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活力等的影响。结果表明：煤矸石淋滤液对小麦种子的发芽有一定抑制作用，浓度越高，抑制作用越显著，煤矸石淋滤液浓度为720．8 mg／L 时小麦发芽势和发芽率均最低，分别为65．6％、69．0％。煤矸石淋滤液浓度为324．5～720．8 mg／L 时，小麦芽长与苗高均显著低于对照组，当浓度为451．5～720．8 mg／L 时，小麦苗质量显著低于对照组；叶绿素含量与煤矸石淋滤液浓度呈线性负相关。不同煤矸石淋滤液浓度的小麦幼苗 POD 活性差异性显著，而 SOD 和CAT 活性差异性极显著；不同部位的 POD 和 SOD 活性差异极显著；不同时间 POD 和 CAT 活性差异极显著。因此，煤矸石淋滤液对小麦种子发芽和幼苗生长具有一定的生态毒性。

Using wheat variety Changmai 6135 provided by Shanxi academy of agricultural sciences as materi-al,simulating rainfall by columnar leaching equipment,the effects of coal gangue pile on plant growth,the ecotoxici-ty of coal gangue leaching to seed germination and seedling growth of wheat were assessed by indoor culture meth-ods.The results showed that coal gangue leaching filtrate could inhibit wheat seed germination in some extent,and there was a positive correlation between the inhibitory effect and the concentration.When the concentration of coal gangue leaching filtrate was highest （720.8 mg/L）,the germination potential （65.6%）and germination rate （69.0%）of treatment group were the lowest.Wheat seedling weight in the group treated with leaching filtrate （451.5 ~720.8 mg/L）was significantly lower than in the control group;The length of shoot and seedling height were also repressed significantly by leaching filtrate（324.5 ~720.8mg/L）;There was a significant linear negative correlation between chlorophyll content and the concentration of coal gangue leaching filtrate（R 〉0.85）.There was a significant difference in wheat seedling POD activities of the groups treated with coal gangue leaching filtrate at different concentrations,and an extremely significant difference in SOD and CAT respectively.Besides,the differ-ence of POD and SOD of different parts was extremely significant,as well as POD and CAT of different time.In short,coal gangue leaching filtrate had a certain ecological toxicity effect on wheat seed germination and seedling growth.