劳动力城乡转移的制度性约束及增长影响研究

Institutional Constraints of China's Migration and the Economic Impact

与世界其他国家不同,中国农村劳动力的城市流动和转移受到城乡二元制度的制约。文章衡量了我国高速经济增长过程中城乡制度壁垒对农业劳动力城市流动的阻滞效应,以及相应的劳动力生产率扭曲和经济增长影响。结果表明,1978—1997年之间,制度性约束对劳动力转移阻滞并不显著,1998年之后开始呈现逐渐扩大的趋势。到2012年,制度性约束对就业结构的扭曲达到了19.41%,对劳动力生产率扭曲度达到22.3%,对当年经济增长率的阻碍为1.2%。文章结果表明,消除劳动力转移的制度性约束能有效提升中国劳动生产率和经济增长水平。

Compared to other countries in the world,China rural labor force migration is restricted by binary institutional systems. This paper measures the obstruction effect of institutional constraints on China's agricultural labor migration during the rapid economic growth,and the corresponding distorting effects of labor productivity and economic growth. The results showed that between 1978 and 1997,institutional constraints on labor migration is not significant,after 1998 began to show gradual expansion trend. By 2012,the distort effect of institutional constraints to the employment structure reached19. 41%,the degree of distortion of the labor productivity reached 22. 3%,hinder economic growth for the year was 1. 2%. Our results imply that the elimination of labor transfer system constraints can effectively enhance labor productivity and economic growth.