要素替代弹性、价格加成对劳动收入份额的影响研究

The Influence of Factor Substitution Elasticity and the Price Markup on Labor Income Share

利用CES生产函数构建要素替代弹性、价格加成对劳动收入份额影响的理论框架。在此基础上研究价格加成的测算方法，并使用中国1978～2013年的数据进行测算分析。实证结果表明，中国资本一劳动之间的替代弹性大于0，并且显著小于1；资本深化和价格加成均使劳动收入份额上升，而且技术进步和经济发展水平的提高也有利于提升劳动收入份额，但国际贸易和外商直接投资降低了劳动收入份额。因此，为了缩小要素收入分配的差距，有必要合理引进外资，适度减少进口，增加出口，鼓励自主创新。

A theoretical framework of the influence of substitution elasticity and the price markup on labor income share is constructed by using CES production function. Based on this, the paper studies the measurement method of price markup, and an analysis is made by using the data from 1978 to 2013 in China. Empirical results show that the substitution elasticity between capital and labor is larger than 0 and significantly less than 1 ; both capital deepening and price markup increase labor income share as well as technological progress and economic development. Howev- er, international trade and FDI decrease labor income share. Therefore, in order to narrow the differences of factor income distribution, it is necessary to introduce foreign capital appropriately, decrease import properly, increase export and encourage indenendent innovation.