人口老龄化、劳动力供给与中国经济发展

Population Aging,Labor Supply and China's Economic Development

人口老龄化是影响中国经济发展的重要因素之一。在总和生育率较低的情况下,老龄化意味着未来中国劳动力供给数量的减少;劳动力的"老化";消费能力的相对减弱;创新动力和能力的相对衰减;包括养老、医疗在内社会运行成本的上升;等等。对此,需要创新体制机制,更好地发挥科技创新的力量,加快经济结构转型升级;实施人才优先战略,提高劳动者素质;适度调整生育政策,缓解人口与发展矛盾;实施积极老龄化战略,为经济发展提供新动力。

Population aging is a key factor affecting economic development of China. Under the condition of comparatively low total fertility rate, aging means the decrease of labor supply in China in the future ; the ＂aging＂ of workforce ; the decrease of consumption ability; the reduction of innovation motivation and capability;and the increasing of social costs including old age pension and medical care. Therefore, an innovative system is needed to better exert the power of technologi- cal innovation, and fasten the change and upgrading of economic structure;the strategy of talent should be implemented and the quality of labor should be raised;the fertility policy in China should be changed appropriately to ease the contradiction between population and development; population aging strategy should be carried out actively to provide new impetus to economic devel- opment.