国民经济调整时期基层手工业所有制问题研究——以浙江省慈溪县为例(1961-1964)

Study on the Ownership of the Grass-roots Handicraft Industry During the Period of National Economic Readjustment——Taking Cixi County of Zhejiang Province as a Case(1961-1964)

基层小生产者的"所有制"问题是中共革命以及新中国建设的核心议题。在社会主义改造及"大跃进"时期,中共对基层小生产进行合作化改造,并不断调整其所有制形式设定。60年代初期,国家对前期运动实施情况予以政策调整,要求基层小生产者组织回归"集体所有"合作社形式的同时放开了对于手工业群体的"个体经营"限制,使其在一段时间内出现了集体所有合作社与个体生产经营并行的二元发展格局,而前者很快便式微于后者。从整体而言,在毛泽东时代,国家对于小生产者所有制形式的设定,更多出于实现国家工业化目标,而非解决实际经济问题,这是基层小生产者经济实体一直无法实现增长性发展的根本原因所在。

The ＂ownership＂ of the grass-roots small producers is the core issue of the CPC revolution and the con- struction of new China. During the socialist transformation and the ＂Great Leap Forward＂ movement, the CPC launched the coperative transformation on the small production of grass roots, and constantly upgraded and adjus- ted their ownership forms. In the beginning of the 1960s, the nation carried on the policy adjustment on the im- plementation of the early movement, demanding the grass-roots small producers to return to the ＂collective＂ coop- erative form, and released the limit in the ＂self-employment＂ of handicraft industrial groups, resulting in the dual pattern of a parallel development of collective cooperatives and individual production and operation, while the for- mer soon declined in the latter. On the whole, in Mao era, the nation＇ s setting for the ownership forms of small producers was more out of realizing the purpose of state control, rather than solving the actual economic problems, which was the fundamental reason of the grass-roots economic entity of small producers unable to achieve the growth development.