政策性负担、规制俘获与食品安全

Policy Burden,Regulation Capture and Food Safety

当承担着区域发展、税收、就业等政策性负担的食品企业发生食品安全事故时,地方政府出于政策目标及政治绩效等方面的考虑,往往不得不放任、掩饰甚至庇护企业,企业也会挟此为获取更高利润而牺牲食品安全。本文研究表明:由政策性负担导致的规制俘获是造成政府食品安全监管缺位的重要原因。进一步,在监管技术与监管能力相对较低的市场发展初期,由于严格监管的有效性不足且与地方发展目标相冲突,政府通常会以牺牲食品安全为代价换取地方发展。随着监管技术与监管能力提高,严格监管能够有效保障食品安全,并促进整体食品产业发展,从而更好地实现政府目标。然而地方政府由于无法克服政策性负担导致的规制俘获,往往难以实施严格监管。只有通过司法独立、垂直监管、社会监督等监管模式转变,引入不受政策性负担影响的监管主体,才能积极推动食品安全监管向严格依法治理转型。

This paper shows that regulatory capture caused by the policy burdens is the key reason for the absence of food safety regulation. In the earlier time, because the regulatory technology is relatively low, strict supervision is short of effectiveness and conflict with local development objectives. Governments often improve local development at the price of food security. As regulation technology improves, implementing strict supervision can effectively ensure food security, promote the overall development of the food industry and achieve the governments＇ objectives. However, restricted to policy burdens caused by the regulatory capture, local governments are difficult to effectively implement strict supervision. Only through changing in the regulatory pattern, such as independent judiciary, vertical supervision and social supervision, and introducing regulatory bodies unaffected by policy burdens, can food safety regulation be actively promoted to the transition to the strict law governing. At this point the governments can not onty achieve policy objectives, but effectively improve food safety standards.