中国区域经济增长绩效、源泉与演化:基于要素分解视角

Source Identification and Dynamic Evolution of Regional Economic Growth Performance in China:Based on Input-Level Decomposition

本文将序列方向性距离函数与Luenberger指标的相加特性结合,提出劳动、资本和能源要素的动态绩效评价指标,构建以实现要素生产率评价为基础的生态全要素生产率测度新方法,对1985—2012年间中国区域经济增长绩效的时空规律、要素源泉及动态演化进行研究。结果表明:生态全要素生产率增长呈现依赖技术进步的单轮驱动模式,且出现增速下滑的阶段特征和地区差距扩大的空间特征;全要素劳动生产率累积增长率依次高于资本和能源,劳动成为绩效改善最明显的生产要素;随着区域发展战略导向演进,全要素劳动生产率、全要素资本生产率与全要素能源生产率增长全面放缓,劳动、资本和能源成为生态全要素生产率增速下滑的共同要素源泉;生态全要素生产率的要素贡献度沿着"劳动—资本—能源"的次序逐渐递减,东部地区生态全要素生产率增长主要根植于劳动要素贡献,中西部生产率增长的首要要素源泉则由资本分别向能源和劳动转变;生产率增长的分布形态由单极化向双峰演进,动态演化呈现低流动性和强持久性,落后地区赶超先进地区难度加大。

The sequential input-oriented Luenberger productivity indicator （SIL）is proposed to measure the regional economic growth performance in China from 1985 to 2012, based on a new series of indicators including total-factor labor productivity indicator, total-factor capital productivity indicator, and total-factor energy productivity indicator. It is found that ecological total-factor productivity growth was mainly driven by technology progress and its regional discrepancies increased. With the changing of regional development strategy orientation, labor, capital and energy contributed to the slow- down of ecological total-factor productivity improvement together. Labor had the largest contribution, followed by capital and energy. The first contributor in east, central and west areas were labor, energy and capital respectively. The distribution of provincial SIL changed from unipolar pattern to two-peak pattern, meanwhile presented low mobility and high persistence.