平衡施肥对不同品种小麦产量构成的年际间变化的影响

Yearly Differences of Various Genotypes of Wheat Yields′ Components under Different Balanced Fertilizations

对氮磷钾配施(NPK)以及与有机肥(NPKM,NPK1.5M)或秸秆(NPKS)配施4种平衡施肥措施下小麦(豫麦47、郑麦9023、郑州941、临汾7203)的产量构成在年际间的变化情况进行了研究,以探索施肥与小麦品种、产量构成年际间的变化特点,为制定合理的施肥措施、提高小麦抵御不良因子的能力提供借鉴。结果表明,与不施肥(CK)处理相比,NPK,NPKM,NPK1.5M,NPKS施肥措施均能增加临汾7203、郑州941、豫麦47、郑麦9023的群体穗数,增加豫麦47、郑麦9023的穗粒数、千粒质量,减小郑麦9023的群体穗数在年际间的差异性;NPK施肥措施能减小郑州941的穗粒数在年际间的差异性。在NPK,NPKM,NPK1.5M,NPKS施肥处理中,临汾7203和郑州941群体穗数的总变异(CV≤10%)较小,郑麦9023、豫麦47分别在CK,NPK处理中的群体穗数总变异较大,分别为27.1%,14.4%;临汾7203、豫麦47在NPK1.5M处理中穗粒数总变异较大,分别为10.4%,16.3%,郑州941(NPK1.5M,NPKS)、郑麦9023(NPKM,NPK1.5M)部分处理中穗粒数总变异较大;郑州941、豫麦47的千粒质量总变异较小,临汾7203、郑麦9023分别在NPKS和CK,NPK1.5M处理中的总变异较大,分别达到了16.2%,19.1%和11.6%。

In this paper, yearly changes of wheat yields＇ components （Yumai 47, Zhengmai 9023, Zhengzhou 941, and Linfen 7203 ） under 4 different balanced fertilizations, which including nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer （NPK）, nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer with manure （NPKM or NPK1.SM）, nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and straw （NPKS）, were analyzed. The results showed that compared with CK （no fertilizer） treatment, NPK, NPKM, NPK1.5M, NPKS treatments could increase wheat＇s group of Linfen 7203, Zbengzhou 941, Yumai 47 and Zhengmai 9023, kernel number per spike and weight of 1 000 granulates of Yumai 47 and Zhengmai 9023; and could reduce the wheat＇s group differences of Zhengmai 9023 between the two continuous years. Moreover, NPK treatment could reduce the kernel number per spike differences of Zhengzhou 941 between the two continuous years. However, total coefficient of variant （CV） values of wheat＇s group of Linfen 7203 and Zhengzhou 941 under NPK, NPKM, NPK1.5M, and NPKS treatments were not more than 10%; total CV values of wheat＇s group of Yumai 47 and Zhengmai 9023 under CK and NPK treatment were 27.1%, 14.4%, respectively. Total CV values of kernel number per spike of Linfen 7203 and Yumai 47 under NPK1.5M treatment were 10.4% and 16.3% ,respectively. Thel^e were larger total CV values of kernel number per spike of Zhengzhou 941 and Zhengmai 9023 and lower total CV values of weight of 1 000 granulate of Zhengzhou 941 and Yumal 47. Also, total CV values of weight of 1 000 granulate of Linfen 7203 under NPKS treatment and Zhengmai 9023 under CK and NPK1.5M treatments were 16.2%, 19.1% and 11.6%, respectively.