12种杀虫剂对半闭弯尾姬蜂的毒性及安全性

Toxicity and Safety of 12 Insecticides to Diadegma semiclausum

室内条件下,采用浸渍法处理寄生蜂蛹,残留药膜法和糖水饲喂法处理寄生蜂成虫,评价12种杀虫剂田间推荐浓度对半闭弯尾姬蜂蛹和成虫的毒性及安全性。结果表明,除多杀菌素外,其他杀虫剂对寄生蜂蛹羽化有不同程度的影响;除茚虫威、乙基多杀菌素和毒死蜱引起31.1%,100%和100%的死亡率外,其他杀虫剂对羽化成虫安全。杀虫剂对寄生蜂成虫的触杀毒性测定结果表明,虱螨脲和氯虫苯甲酰胺对成虫基本无不利影响,成虫死亡率与对照间无显著差异;丁醚脲和茚虫威对成虫有一定程度的不利影响(死亡率分别为21.3%和41.7%);阿维菌素和甲维盐对成虫有明显的不利影响(死亡率分别为53.6%和60.8%);多杀菌素、苦参碱、乙基多杀菌素、虫螨腈、毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯对寄生蜂成虫有极明显的不利影响(死亡率>80%)。杀虫剂对寄生蜂成虫的胃毒毒性测定结果表明,虱螨脲对成虫无不利影响(死亡率为0);阿维菌素有一定程度的不利影响(死亡率为45.8%);苦参碱有比较明显的不利影响(死亡率为61.3%);甲维盐、丁醚脲、多杀菌素、氯虫苯甲酰胺、茚虫威、乙基多杀菌素、虫螨腈、毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯对寄生蜂成虫有极明显的不利影响(死亡率>90%)。12种杀虫剂中,除多杀菌素对蛹羽化安全,虱螨脲对成虫无害外,其他药剂对半闭弯尾姬蜂蛹或成虫均有不同程度的影响。研究结果可以为选择对半闭弯尾姬蜂安全的杀虫剂提供有益参考。

The toxicity and safety of field recommend concentrations of 12 kinds of commonly used insecticides were assessed a- gainst pupae and adults of Diadegma semiclausum under laboratory conditions. Contact toxicity of pupae was tested by immersion method, and contact and oral toxicities of adults were determined with dry film residue method and sugar mixed insecticides method. All insecticides, with the exception of spinosad, had various degree effects on adult emergence form pupae dipped by insecticides, and all in- secticides were harmless to adults from insecticide-treated pupae, except indoxacarb, spinetoram and chlorpyrifos which caused 31.1%, 100% and 100% mortalities, respectively. The results of contact toxicities to adults showed that lufenuron and chlorantraniliprole had no effects on adults, whereas diafenthiuron and indoxacarb caused 21.3% and 41.7% mortalities, respectively, abamectin and emamectin benzoate caused 53.6% and 60.8% mortalities, respectively, and spinosad, sophocarpidine, spinetoram, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos and beta-cypermethrin had extremely significant effects on adults, which caused more than 80% mortalities. The results of oral toxicities to adults showed that lufenuron was safe for adults, whereas abamectin and sophocarpidine caused 45.8% and 61.3% mortalities, respec- tively, and emamectin benzoate, diafenthiuron, spinosad, chlorantraniliprole, indoxacarb, spinetoram, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos and be- ta-cypermethrin were extremely harmful to adults, which caused more than 90% mortalities. Of insecticides tested, except that spinosad was safe for pupae and lufenuron was harmless to adults, other insecticides had different degree effects on pupae or adults of parasitoid. The data presented in this paper provided useful information on the selection of compatible insecticides with D. semiclausum.