不同氮肥基追比对冬小麦群体特征、水分利用效率及产量的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Ratio of Basal Fertilizer and Topdressing on Population Characteristics,Water Use Efficiency and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat

采用盆栽试验研究了不同氮肥基追比对冬小麦群体特征、水分利用效率及产量的影响。共设置4种氮肥处理,分别为CK(基肥∶追肥=10∶0)、N1(基追比为7∶3)、N2(基追比为5∶5)和N3(基追比为3∶7)。结果表明,合理追施氮肥可以提高冬小麦的有效茎数和分蘖成穂率,并能显著提高冬小麦花后叶面积,从而改善冬小麦的群体结构。增加基施氮量可以显著提高冬小麦的千粒重;随着追氮比例的增加,冬小麦的水分利用效率和产量均呈先增加后降低的趋势,过高的追氮比例不利于冬小麦水分利用效率和产量的提高。综合考虑产量和水分利用效率等因素,在本试验条件下,N1处理冬小麦群体结构较好,耗水量最少,水分利用效率最高,产量较高,为最合理的氮肥运筹模式。

A pot experiment was conducted to study effect of different nitrogen ratio of basa and topdressing on population characteristics,water use efficiency and grain yield of winter wheat.Plants were subjected to 4 N treatments,CK（basal ∶topdressing=10∶0）,N1（basal∶topdressing=7∶3）,N2（basal∶topdressing=5∶5） and N3（basal∶topdressing=3∶7）.The results showed that topdressing nitrogen reasonable could improve valid number of stem and spike rate of winter wheat,and improve post-anthesis leaf area of winter wheat significantly, thereby improving population structure of winter wheat. Increased the rate of basal nitrogen could improve 1 000-grain weight of winter wheat significantly;grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat increased first and then decreased with increasing the ratio of topdressing nitrogen,too high ratio of topdressing nitrogen was not conducive to improve water use efficiency and yield of winter wheat. Considering grain yield and water used efficiency and other factors,under the conditions of our experiment,the N1 treament obtained the better population structure,the least water consumption,the highest water used efficiency,the higher yield, for the most reasonable N Management Modes.