CO_2气肥对北方棚室蒜薹生长发育及品质的影响

The Effect of CO_2 Gas Fertilizer on Growth and Quality of Garlic Scape in Northern Greenhouse

以大蒜（Allium sativumL.）蒜薹为研究对象,通过测定蒜薹生长发育和生理生化的的各项指标,以此评价施用不同浓度CO2气肥对北方棚室蒜薹生长发育和品质的影响。结果表明,CO2气肥浓度为1 000 mL/m^3时株高和假茎粗达到最高水平,分别为341 mm和4.98 mm。CO2气肥浓度为1 200 mL/m^3时叶宽达11.28 mm,最有利于叶片发育,并且蒜薹叶绿素相对含量（SPAD值）、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C含量最高,分别为59、15.6%、6.9 mg/g、312μg/g,分别比空白对照提高了7.3%、83.0%、35.6%、97.5%。游离氨基酸含量在CO2气肥浓度为800 mL/m^3时达到最高,为2.75 mg/g,比对照提高了34.8%。蒜薹的干物质含量在CO2气肥浓度为1 000 mL/m^3时最高,为12.16%,比对照高5.2%。施用CO2气肥可显著提高蒜薹的产量,在CO2气肥浓度为1 200 mL/m^3时产量达到最高,为4.75 kg/m^2,比对照高23.2%。大蒜素含量在CO2气肥浓度分别为800、1 600 mL/m^3时达到较高水平,分别比对照提高了17%、5%。总之,在北方棚室内施用CO2气肥可以显著促进蒜薹生长发育及营养物质的积累,施肥的最佳浓度为1 000-1 200 mL/m^3。

The effects of concentration of CO2 gas fertilizer on growth and quality of garlic（Allium sativumL.） scape were studied by determining the development and physiological-biochemical index. Results showed that when CO2 gas fertilizer concentration was at 1 000 mL/m^3, the plant height and pseudostem diameter was the highest（341 mm and 4.98 mm respectively）.Leaf width was 11.28 mm when CO2 gas fertilizer concentration was at 1 200 mL/m^3, which was the best for leaf development; and chlorophyll（SPAD）, soluble sugar, soluble protein and vitamin C was 59, 15.6%, 6.9 mg/g, 312 μg/g, respectively,increased by 7.3%, 83.0%, 35.6% and 97.5% than the control group. Free amino was promoted by 34.8% at 800 mL/m^3,increasing to 2.75 mg/g. Dry substance of garlic scape was increased by 5.2% at 1 200 mL/m^3; while the production of garlic scape was improved by 23.2, reaching to 4.75 kg/m^2. Allicin was increased by 17% and 5% at 800 mL / m^3 and 1 600 mL/m^3 respectively. In conclusion, the growth and nutrients accumulation of garlic scape could be remarkably promoted by applying CO2 gas fertilizer with the best concentration at 1 000 to 1 200 mL/m^3.