基于SFA-DEA-Malmquist的工业企业技术竞争力建模测评

Assessment of Industrial Enterprise Technical Competitiveness Based on SFA-DEA-Malmquist Model

运用SFA方法对2011年中国内地各省区市工业企业技术效率进行测评,结果表明,全国东、中、西部技术效率大体呈现"梯度下降"趋势,R&D活动企业和人员与新产品产值呈现正的弹性,科技经费支出与之呈现负的弹性,亟待改进和提高科技经费利用方式和效率。对典型上市企业技术效率在考虑技术非效率和不考虑技术非效率影响条件下分别建模后发现,不考虑技术非效率影响模型更适合研究,进而采用DEA-Malmquist模型对2010—2012年陕西省主要上市企业面板数据进行技术效率和Malmquist指数测算。研究表明,企业的技术竞争力主要取决于技术效率,其全要素生产率变化主要依赖于技术效率变化;为增强企业内生发展动力,外部的政策支持必不可少,但强化对自主知识产权核心技术的掌握是企业技术竞争力提升的关键;针对军工企业的技术优势与民用市场的需求缺口之间的矛盾,需要破除军民两用科技成果市场化的机制壁垒。

Firstly,the industrial enterprises technical efficiency of Chinese mainland in 2011 was evaluated,and the results proved as follows： the gradient descent trend of TE from east to west,the positive elasticity relationship between the new products output and enterprises and person involved in the activities of R＆D,and the negative one between the new products output and science- technology expenditure. It was necessary to improve the means of the S＆T funds and enhance the utilization efficiency. Secondly,after respectively modeling of the technical efficiency of the typical listed companies by considering the inefficiency effects or not,the latter was more suitable to study. Thirdly,the Malmquist index of the panel data was calculated by DEA- Malmquist model according to the most listed companies of Shaanxi from 2010 to 2012,and then the ETC values was obtained according to enterprise technology competitiveness model. It is suggested that the key core technologies with its own intellectual property right are more crucial for enhancing their initial power in addition to some urgent policy supports. In view of the technological competitiveness of enterprises mainly depending on the technical efficiency and the TFPCH mainly depending on the EFFCH,the mechanism barriers among marketization of scientific and technological achievements should be broken down for the asymmetry between the technical advantage of the military enterprises and the demand gap of civil markets.