贸易全球化对女性劳动参与率的影响

The Impact of Trade Globalisation on Female Labour Force Participation

随着贸易全球化的发展，女性在家庭、就业等方面的观念也在发生变化，女性劳动参与率反映了一国或地区女性在经济生活中的地位，也是对劳动力市场的性别平等问题的衡量。文章利用1990～2012年82个国家或地区的面板数据分析了贸易全球化对女性劳动参与率的影响。结果显示，总体上贸易发展对女性劳动参与率有显著的负向影响。相对于出口贸易，进口贸易的抑制作用更为明显。在不同年龄段，女性劳动参与率受到的影响不同，具体表现为贸易开放度对55～64岁女性的劳动参与影响为正，促使该年龄段妇女“退而不休”，而对15～24岁、25～34岁、35～54岁的女性劳动参与则存在负面影响，说明贸易对这些年龄段的女性劳动参与有一定的抑制作用。

With the development of trade globalisation, ideas about women in family and employment have also been changing. Female labour force participation rate reflects their status in economic life, and measures the gender equality situation in the labour market. This paper analyses the impact of trade globalisation on female labour force participation rate by using the cross-panel data of 82 countries from 1990 to 2012. The result shows that there is a significantly negative relationship between trade and the participation rate. Compared with export, the adverse affect of import is more obvious. The effects vary in different age ranges of women. Specifically, the trade influence on the labour force participation rate of women aged 55 to 64 is positive,which leads to 'retirement but not stop working'. The influence of trade on female labour force participation rate within age ranges of 15-24, 25-34 and 35-54 are negative, which indicates the trade globalizationin to some extent has adverse effect.