引汉济渭工程对解决渭河流域缺水及生态环境问题的作用

The role of the Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Water Diversion Project on water shortage and environmental problem in Weihe River Basin

渭河流域极度短缺的水资源形势和尖锐的水资源供需矛盾,无以支撑陕西关中地区作为"一带一路"新欧亚大陆桥中枢地位作用的发挥;渭河流域特别是关中地区长期的地下水超采和严峻的水污染形势已经严重制约了区域经济社会发展水平和质量;渭河流域长期的水生态失衡和环境恶化也已愈发危害到区域经济社会可持续发展。这些问题迫切需要通过"空间均衡"来实现良治。20世纪80年代起就开始进行了兴建黄河古贤水库向关中地区调水、从甘肃引洮入渭、南水北调西线工程以及陕西省境内的引汉济渭工程的多个方案研究,最终认为现行目标下的引汉济渭工程具有水量可靠、工程难度小、供水覆盖范围大、实施条件好、配套工程相对简单等优点,且具有调水区与受水区均在陕西境内、协调难度小的优势,是众多论证方案中最现实可行的。

Weihe river basin can＇t support Shaanxi Guanzhong area exerting the function as the center of One Belt And One Road and new Eurasia Land Bridge because of its extremely water shortage and sharp contradiction of water supply and demand. Long-term groundwater over-draft and serious water pollution seriously restricted regional economic and social development in Weihe River Basin especially Guanzhong area. Long-term ecological unbalance and environmental degradation already endangers regional economic and social sustainable development. All of this can be remedied by spatial equilibrium. Several proposals have been studied since 1980s such as delivering water to guanzhong area by building Yellow river Guxian reservoir, Tao River-to-Weihe River project, the Western Route Project of South-to-North water transfer or Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Water Diversion Project. And Eventually it is agreed that Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Water Diversion Project is the most feasible plan because of a number of advantages including the stable water, less engineering difficulty, large scope of water supply, well implementation conditions and less coordination difficulties for water transfer area and water reception area are both in Shaanxi province.