政府干预、城市群空间功能分工与地区差距——兼论中国区域政策的有效性

The Government Intervention, the Division of Labor of the Function of the Space of the City Group,and the Difference in District: On the Effectiveness of Regional Policy in China

为什么在区域分工抑制较为严重的情况下，中国地区发展仍然能够在促进经济增长与缩小地区差距之间保持有效的平衡？本文运用2003～2011年中国16大城市群的面板数据，考察了城市群空间功能分工与地区差距之间的关系，并进一步就政府干预对城市群空间功能分工的地区差距效应的影响进行了验证。本文研究发现，在城市群层面，空间功能分工与地区差距之间存在钟状曲线式的倒“U”型关系，即随着空间功能分工的深化，地区差距会扩大，但随着空间功能分工超过转折点后，地区差距则会缩小。地方政府干预对空间功能分工的地区差距效应产生了差异化的影响：在空间功能分工拐点的左侧阶段，政府干预会抑制空间功能分工对地区差距的扩大效应；在空间功能分工拐点的右侧阶段，政府干预则会抑制空间功能分工对地区差距的缩小效应。从本文的样本来看，2011年以前中国绝大多数城市群的空间功能分工处于拐点的左半段。因此，按照本文的结论，在空间功能分工受到抑制的情况下，政府干预反而会抑制地区差距的加剧，会实现经济增长与地区差距的平衡。但是，2011年之后较短的时期内，70％左右的观察样本将迈入空间功能分工的右半段，这意味着地方政府干预会抑制空间功能分工演进带来的地区差距自发收敛过程。由此，弱化地方政府干预、加强区域合作与分工、促进区域经济一体化成为本文直接的政策含义。

Under the circumstance under which the regional division of labor is relatively gravely inhibited in China, whystill can keep an effective balance between promoting the economic growth and narrowing the regional gap? By the useof the panel data of China's 16 big cities between 2003 and 2011, we have surveyed the relationship between the divi-sion of labor in the function of the space of the urban agglomeration(SOTUA) and the gap between regions, and, fur-ther, by the use of the impact of the government intervention(GI) on the effect of the regional difference of the divisionof labor in the function, have tested and verified it. By our study, we have discovered that, in the aspect of the urbangroup, there exists an inverted'U'type of relationship of the bell curve between the SOTUA and the regional gaps,that is to say, with the deepening of the division of labor in the space function, the regional gap will widen, and that,however, with the division of labor in the space function exceeding the turning point, the regional gap will be narrowed.The GI mace by the government has produced different impact on the effect of the regional gap of the division of laborin the space function. In the lows degreed stage of the spatial division of function, the GI will restrain the narrow effectof the space function in division of labor on the regional gap. Viewed from the aspect of the sample of this paper, themajority of urban agglomeration in China has still been in the first half of the inverted'U'curve before 2011. There-fore, according to the conclusion made in this article, under the condition under which the division of labor in thespace function is constrained, the GI will, conversely, restrain the aggravation of the regional gap, and realize the bal-ance between the economic growth and the regional gap. However, in the relatively short period after 2011, about 70%of the samples will enter the second half of the inverted'U'curve, which means that the intervention made by the lo-cal government will limit the spontaneous restraining process, brought about by the evolution of the division of labor inthe space function, of the regional gap. Therefore, weakening the intervention made by the local government, enforcingregional cooperation and labor division, and promoting the integration of the regional economy, have become the directpolicy implications of this paper.