论航空器降落地国管辖权——以2014年《蒙特利尔议定书》为视角

On Jurisdiction of the State of Aircraft Landing——From the Perspective of the Montreal Protocol of 2014

航空器降落地国管辖权作为国际民用航空安保公约管辖权体系中不可或缺的一环,日益受到国际民航组织及其成员国的广泛关注。2014年的《蒙特利尔议定书》确立了降落地国管辖权,对于防范和治理机上的不法行为等具有十分重要的现实意义。但学界对其自身性质的认定及其与航空器登记国属地管辖权理论是否冲突等问题仍然存在争议。本文认为,增设降落地国管辖权利大于弊,我国航空法律应从实体和程序两个方面双管齐下,通过转化适用罪行和明确移交主体等方式,保证新公约的降落地国管辖权制度与我国法律体系的科学衔接、系统协调,切实加大对跨国机上违法犯罪行为的惩治力度,确保航空运输安全运行。

As an indispensible part of the jurisdiction system of international civil aviation security conventions, jurisdiction of the state of aircraft landing has increasingly aroused general concern among the ICAO and its member states. The Montreal Protocol of 2014 has practical significance in providing a jurisdiction basis for the state of landing and preventing and curing the illegal acts on board aircraft. However, how to define its nature and whether there＇s theoretical conflict between it and the territorial jurisdiction of the state of aircraft registration remain controversial. As the establishing of jurisdiction of the state of landing has more advantages than its disadvantages, we should focus on scientific connection and coordination of domestic aviation legislations with this new provision. Our Aviation Law should work along with both substantive and procedural lines, by transforming offenses and defining delivery subjects to intensify the punishment to criminal acts on board aircraft and ensure the safe operation of air transport.