有机无机肥配施及稻草覆盖对中南丘陵茶园氮磷径流流失的影响

Combining Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer and Straw Mulching on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Runoff Losses in South-Central hilly Tea Garden

为改善中南丘陵地区茶园土壤养分状况、有效防控茶园氮磷径流损失,采用田间小区试验,以有机肥代替部分化学肥料、稻草覆盖等处理,研究其在减少暴雨造成的农田径流营养损失,从而减少农田氮磷对水体的污染方面的作用。结果表明,中南丘陵茶园,在相同降雨条件下,农民习惯施肥处理径流流失量较大,但稻草覆盖处理能有效减少径流流失,同时稻草覆盖对降低地表径流中的氮磷浓度也有显著作用,其中氮的降幅为24.32%～25.91%,磷的降幅为18.81%～19.23%;有机肥代替部分化肥并用稻草覆盖处理对茶叶增产具有显著作用。

In order to improve soil nutrient status, prevent and control nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses effectively in south-central hilly tea garden, the field plot test was carried out by using organic fertilizer instead of part of the chemical fertilizer and straw cover treatment to study the effect on farmland nitrogen and phosphorus pollution reduction in water and the runoff nutrient loss caused by heavy rain was investigated. The results showed that under the condition of same rainfall, the runoff loss in conventional fertilize treatment of farmers was the most serious, and the straw mulching treatment effectively reduced the runoff loss and concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface runoff. The nitrogen concentration in runoff decreased by 24.32% ～ 25.91%, and the phosphorus concentration decreased by 18.81% ～ 19.23%. Meanwhile, the organic manure replacing parts of the chemical fertilizer and straw mulching treatment in tea increased tea yield significantly.