乳熟期淹涝胁迫对水稻形态特性及产量的影响

Impact of Submergence Stress at Milky Stage on Morphological Characteristics and Yield of Rice

为探讨乳熟期不同淹涝胁迫环境下两系杂交稻形态特征、产量结构的变化,以晚稻常规品种湘丰优103为供试品种,设计不同淹水深度、不同淹水时间的淹水胁迫处理,通过测定淹水前后绿叶数的变化、气生根情况、倒伏情况、产量结构情况,分析乳熟期形态特征的敏感性及产量特点。结果表明,相同的淹涝深度,淹涝持续时间与绿叶数变化呈极显著负相关;气生根茎数的比率与淹水深度呈负相关,与淹水时间呈极显著正相关;且稻株茎节越低,气生根现象越明显;乳熟期的倒伏为根倒伏,深度越深、持续时间越长,倒伏现象越明显;产量结构方面,淹水深度越深、淹水时间越长,对产量的影响越大,主要表现为空壳率、秕粒率升高,千粒重下降,全淹9 d,秕粒率高达23.8%,比对照高17.7个百分点,千粒重仅有19.0 g,比对照低4.2 g。

In order to explore the change of morphological characteristics and yield of two-line hybrid rice under submergence stress at milky stage, we chose the commonly used rice variety Xiang Fengyou 103 as the test material, designed a series of treatments with different water depth and submergence duration, and analyzed the sensitivity of morphological characteristics and yield features of rice at milky stage through measuring changes in the number of green leaves, aerial roots status, lodging situation and yield structure status before and after the inundation. The results showed that （~） in the same depth of submergence, submergence duration time and the number of changed green leaves were negatively related. （~ The ratio of aerial roots to stem was negatively correlated with submergence depth and positively correlated with the flooding time. Moreover, the lower the internode was, the phenomenon of aerial roots was more obvious. （~） Under different submergence stress backgrounds, lodging occurred at milky stage was root lodging. The deeper the water was and the longer the submergence lasted, lodging phenomenon was more obvious. （~） In terms of the yield structure, the deeper the water was and the longer the submergence lasted, the impact on the yield was larger, which were mainly showed up as increased rates of empty grain and blighted grain as well as decreased 1000-grain weight. For a 9-day complete inundation, blighted grain rate was as high as 23.8%, 17.7% higher than that of the control; 1000-grain weight was only 19.0g, 4.2g lighter than that of the control.