五氯酚污染土壤及沉积物的生物修复技术及机制研究进展

Research Progress of Bioremediation Technology and Mechanisms of Treating Pentachlorophenol Contaminated Soil and Sediment

五氯酚(PCP)曾作为杀钉螺剂在长江中下游血吸虫疫区大面积使用,目前虽然已被禁止使用,但仍然存在较为严重的环境污染,PCP会对水生态系统及人体健康造成潜在威胁。土壤及沉积物是PCP最大的蓄积库。生物修复技术是利用生物对环境污染物的吸收、代谢、降解等功能,加速去除环境中污染物质的过程,是当前PCP污染处理的趋势。对PCP污染环境的生物修复类型(包括植物修复技术、微生物修复技术、植物-微生物联合修复技术、动物修复技术及堆肥降解技术)、效果及机制进行综述及展望,并提出未来研究趋势,旨在为促进污染区土壤环境生物修复技术的深入研究以及PCP污染环境的生态修复提供理论参考。

Pentachlorophenol（ PCP） has been widely used for killing oncomelania,the only intermediate host of schistosome in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River where schistosomiasis is epidemic in recent decades.Although the production and use of PCP is restricted currently,severe PCP contamination still exists in environment,which posed a potential danger to the aquatic ecosystem and human health. Soil and sediment are the primary containers of PCP in environment. Bioremediation is an option that may accelerate the removal of various environmental contaminants using the functions of biomes absorbing,metabolizing and biodegrading the contaminants,thus,bioremediation technology becomes a preferred way of treating PCP pollution. In the present paper,the effect and mechanism of bioremediation technology,inclusive of phytoremediation,microbial remediation,plant-microbial degradation technology,soil fauna remediation technology and composting technology are reviewed,and the future trend of bioremediation technology is predicted. The present paper aims to provide scientific basis and application fundamental for further research in the bioremediation technology and ecological remediation of PCP in aquatic environment in epidemic areas.