气候变化背景下武川主要作物生产水足迹变化分析

Variation Characteristics of Water Footprint of Main Crops' Production Under Climate Change in Wuchuan County

生产水足迹(WFP)是指生产单位产品所消耗的水资源,一般用单位质量农产品所需要的水的体积来表示作物生产水足迹。气候变化对生产水足迹的影响是农业生产者关心的重要科学问题。本文以内蒙古自治区武川县主要作物马铃薯、春小麦为例,基于1983-2010年气象数据及生育期资料,修正作物系数,应用CROPWAT模型,计算作物生产水足迹,分析气候变化对作物生产水足迹的影响。结果表明:(1)近28a来,武川县气候呈干暖化变化趋势,马铃薯和春小麦生产水足迹呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05);(2)气候变化对作物生产水足迹影响显著,生育期平均相对湿度、平均气温和平均日较差对马铃薯生产水足迹影响较大,生育期平均风速和平均日较差对春小麦生产水足迹影响较大;(3)1983-2010年马铃薯平均生产水足迹为1.37m3·kg-1,春小麦平均生产水足迹为2.51m3·kg-1,说明在当地生产单位质量的干物质,春小麦比马铃薯消耗更多水分。在该地区适当增加马铃薯播种面积,对提高水资源利用效率,促进地区农业发展具有重要作用。

The water footprint of production （WFP） refers to the water resource consumed per unit of products. For crops, WFP is represented by the volume of water needed to produce per unit mass of products. The impact of climate change on the water footprint of production is an important scientific issue about which agricultural producers concern. Based on the climate data and data of crop growth period, the paper took the main crops potato and spring wheat in Wuchuan, Inner Mongolia as examples. With modified crop coefficients and CROPWAT model, the water footprint of crop production was calculated, and the climate change impacts on water footprint of production were analyzed. The results showed that： （1）the climate in Wuchuan County presented the tendency of being warmer and drier during 1983-2010, and the water footprint of potato and spring wheat production showed a significantly downward trend in the past 28 years（P〈0.05）; （2）Water footprint of crop production was significantly affected by climate change, and the average relative humidity, average temperature and average diurnal range over the growth period were closely related to the water footprint of potato production. For spring wheat, the average wind speed and average diurnal range over the growth period were the main impact factors; （3）The average water footprint of potato production during 1983-2010 was 1.37m3.kg-1, and for spring wheat, it was 2.5 1ma.kg-1. From the view of the production of per unit mass of dry matter, spring wheat consumed more water than potato. Therefore, appropriate increase in potato acreage is an effective approach to improve water use efficiency, and it can further promote regional agricultural development.