低乳源蛋白代乳料对奶牛犊牛瘤胃及瘤胃乳头发育的影响

Effects of Milk Replacer with Low Milk Protein on Development of Rumen and Rumen Papilla in Daily Calves

为中国荷斯坦奶牛犊牛的早期断奶人工培育和公犊的肉牛资源化利用提供参考,选择品种来源一致、出生时间不超过3d的中国荷斯坦公犊30头,以改性植物蛋白、改性淀粉分别为蛋白质和能量的主要来源,采用40%、55%和70%的非乳源蛋白替换代乳料中乳源蛋白,研究对初生至4月龄中国荷斯坦奶牛犊牛瘤胃及瘤胃乳头发育的影响。结果表明:70%的非乳源性蛋白代乳料对犊牛瘤胃乳头及瘤胃胃体发育的影响与40%、55%的非乳源性蛋白代乳料相似,能有效刺激并加速初生至4月龄中国荷斯坦奶牛公犊瘤胃乳头的发育,乳头长度、宽度、厚度及每平方厘米乳头表面积随犊牛日龄的增加而增加,密度则降低;瘤胃胃体相对生长速度随犊牛日龄的增加而加快,并以前背盲囊、腹囊、背囊发育较快,呈由前向后、由上向下的发育规律。70%非乳源性蛋白代乳料可实现中国荷斯坦奶牛犊牛3周龄早期断奶的营养需求,从而降低饲料成本。

30 China Hostein male calves with 3 d old were respectively fed with 40% , 55% and 70% non-milk protein replacers of modified plant protein and modified starch as main protein and energy source to study the effect on development of rumen and rumen papilla of China Hostein calves with newborn to four-month old and to provide a reference for artificial feeding of early weaning China Hostein calves and beef resources utilization of male calves. Results. The effect of 70% non-milk protein replacers on development of rumen and rumen papilla of China Hostein male calves is similar to that of 40% and 55% non-milk protein replacer. Non-milk protein replacer can effectively stimulate and accelerate development of rumen papilla of China Hostein male calves with newborn to four-month old. The length, width, thickness and surface area of rumen papilla increases with increase of calf age but the density of papilla reduces with increase of calf age. The relative growth rate of rumen gastric body increases with increase of calf age. There is the top-down development trend because the development of dorsal caecus, ventral caecus and back caecus is faster than other parts. 70% non-milk protein replacer can meet the nutritional demand of early weaning China Hostein calves with 3-week old, which can reduce feed cost.