浙江红山茶种子的生物学特性

Biological seed characteristics of Camellia chekiangoleosa

浙江红山茶Camellia chekiangoleosa种子具有休眠习性。以当年采收的浙江红山茶种子为试验材料,测定种子的形态结构、千粒质量、含水量、吸水特性、生活力等,分析不同浸种温度对种子萌发的影响。吸水特性采用完整种子、去除种壳种子和用小刀划破种壳种子等3种类型进行测定;生活力采用TTC（2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑）染色法;萌发特性采用始温25~65℃的6种不同温水浸种24 h。结果表明：去除种壳种子的吸水性能优于完整种子和用小刀划破种壳的种子。种子千粒质量为1 177 g,平均含水量为41.30%,种子生活力为85.00%。种子形态结构测定的结果表明：浙江红山茶种皮茶褐色且角质坚硬,种子分外种皮、内种皮和种胚等3部分,种胚由胚芽、胚轴、胚根和子叶等4部分组成,子叶肥硕。种子的平均长度为18.57 mm,平均宽度为15.83 mm,平均厚度为11.71 mm。不同温度水处理种子24 h结果表明：浙江红山茶种子在25℃温水中浸种24 h有利于种子萌发,发芽率为73.00%,显著高于对照。

Fresh Camellia chekiangoleosa seeds, having a habit of dormancy, were harvested as test material. Seed morphological characteristics and germination characteristics were analyzed by measuring morphological characteristics, 1 000-grain weight, water content, water absorption properties, and seed viability. The influence of seed shelled, chloride soaking temperatures on seed germination was also determined. Three treatments including untreated, and etched, were employed to study water absorption properties, and the 2,3,5-triphenyhetrazolium （TI＇C） method was used to test seed viability. Seed germination was tested in a 24 h period with six seed soaking temperatures from 25-65 ~C, control group was tested in a 24 h period with 20 ~C seed soaking temperatures, and each group maintaied the same temperature for 6 hours. Results showed that the water ab- sorption ability of shelled seeds was better than untreated and etched seeds. The 1 000-grain weight was 1 177 g, water content was 41.3%, and seed viability was 85.0%. Morphological characteristics identified included seeds having a dark brown skin with hard cutin. The seed consisted of an exopleura, an endotesta, and an embryo with the embryo having a germ, hypocotyls, a radicle, and cotyledons that were fat. Seed average length was 18.6 mm, average width was 15.8 mm, and average thickness was 11.7 mm. The test for germination char- acteristics showed that soaking seeds 24 h in 25 ~C water was beneficial with a seed germination rate of 73.0%,which was higher than the control group.