深圳市宝安区居民结核病防治知信行现状调查研究

Survey on knowledge,attitude and practice about tuberculosis prevention and treatment among residents in Bao'an District of Shenzhen

目的了解深圳市宝安区居民结核病防治知信行现状,研究知信行的影响因素及三者间的关系,以便有针对性、有重点地开展结核病健康教育工作,为促进本地区结核病防治工作的有效开展提供参考。方法采用面对面的形式,运用整群抽样的方法,随机抽取939名深圳市宝安区居民,进行有关基本情况,结核病核心信息、信念和行为方面的问卷调查。并对数据进行描述性分析、方差分析和四象限分析。结果居民结核病防治知识知晓率为51.4%,正确信念持有率为71.1%,正确行为持有率为57.6%;在有关结核病预防、传播的知识和行为方面,居民的正确率欠佳。结核病正确知识、信念和行为持有率存在正相关关系(r>0.4)。不同学历的居民结核病知信行存在显著差异,即文化程度越低的居民,其知信行标准分得分越低,小学及以下的居民正确信念和行为持有率最低。此外,不同性别居民结核病防治行为存在差异,而不同户籍居民结核病知识和信念存在差异。四象限分析结果显示:知识、态度和行为存在交叉重叠的关系,落在第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ象限的人群比例分别为16.4%、25.6%、43.6%和14.4%。结论深圳市宝安区居民的结核病防治知识的知信行状况较差,对居民应加强结核病相关方面的健康教育,特别应该着重加强对结核病预防方法、治疗原则、定点就诊机构和传播途径知识方面的宣传教育,而且应重点关注小学/初中学历的居民及农村居民的结核病健康教育工作。

Objective To learn the current situation of knowledge, attitude and practice （KAP） about tuberculosis prevention and cure among residents in Bao＇an District of Shenzhen and to study the influencing factors and relationship of KAP so as to develop targeted and focused events about health education of tuberculosis. Methods 939 residents in Bao＇an District of Shenzhen were randomly selected by face-to-face questionnaires and chester sam- pling. Their basic information, belief and behavior were questionnaired and analyzed by descriptive analysis, variance analysis and four quadrants analysis. Results The awareness rate about tuberculosis prevention and control was 51.4%, the rate of correct belief was 71.1%, and the rate of correct behavior was 57. 6%. The correct rate of TB knowledge, attitude and behavior were positively correlated （ r 〉 0.4 ）. Residents with different education back- grounds had significant differences among tuberculosis＇s KAP： the lower standard of culture, the lower correct rate on basic knowledge. The correct belief and behavior rate of primary school and below education was the lowest. Besides, different genders had different behaviors of tuberculosis prevention and cure, and people with different household register had different knowledge and believes of TB. Four quadrant analysis results showed that there was juxtaposition of knowledge, attitude and behavior, and the population proportion in the Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ quadrant was 16.4%, 25.6%, 43.6% and 14.4% respectively. Conclusion The situation of KAP is disappointing in Bao＇an District of Shenzhen, and the health education to residents of TB should be strengthened. Especially, we should focus on propaganda of ways of tuberculosis prevention, principle of treatment, fixed-point medical institutions and route of transmission, and pay great attention to the health education of rural residents and the residents of elementary school/junior middle school education.