构建全面推进生态文明建设的法治新体制机制——新修订《中华人民共和国环境保护法》评析

Construction of a New Institutional Mechanism to Comprehensively Promote Ecological Civilization through the Rule of Law

新《环保法》具有注重明确法律定位、创新环保理念、完善保护制度、强化法律责任、回应社会关切等强力推进生态文明建设的显著特点,在绿色发展模式、多元共治的现代环境治理体系、行政监管部门的法律责任等重要领域实现新突破。作为上位法的新《环保法》修订对下位法的制定和完善形成有力促进,赋予地方人民政府对超标排放污染物企业实施行政处罚的权力,明确对环境保护主管部门工作人员有违法行为的行政处罚事项,将会进一步引领和推进生态环境法治建设。但新《环保法》仍需进一步完善政府的行政管理权和扩大环保责任范围、优化制定环境质量标准的方法、健全全民共同责任的制度、规范媒体与公众参与监督环保的权利行使、重视和加大雾霾的预防和治理力度等法律措施。

The new'Environment Protection Law'features explicit legal status,innovated concept of environment protection,improved protection mechanism,reinforced legal obligations,and positive response to social concerns,all of which are necessary for the construction of ecological civilization. It has made new breakthroughs in such key areas as modes of green development,modern environment management system with plural governance,and legal obligations of administrative supervision departments. As an upper level law,the revised'Environment Protection Law'is a forceful promotion for the formulation and improvement of lower level laws. It gives the local governments the power to implement administrative penalties to enterprises that excessively discharge pollutants,clearly defines the illegal acts committed by staff of the environment protection departments and respective administrative penalties,and accordingly will direct and further promote ecological and environmental construction through the rule of law. However,the new'Environment Protection Law'needs to take further legal measures to improve the government administrative powers and expand its responsibilities in environment protection,optimize the methods for setting environment quality standards,establish a more effective common responsibility system for all individuals of the nation,regulate the rights of the media and the public in participation in supervising environment protection activities,and more effectively prevent and curb the haze weather.