博弈与选择:以实名制遏制网络言论犯罪的可行性分析

Game and Choice: the Practicability of Using Real-name Registration System to Suppress the Crime by Free Speech in the Internet

面对网络谣言满天飞的现实情势,立法者试图通过刑事制裁和实名制两种手段遏制网络言论犯罪。网络实名制在中国历经十年的发展历程,其间存废之争各立,背后彰显的是技术和价值的博弈。在技术层面是网络虚拟性构建的匿名交往规则与对象真实性诱发的网络暴力犯罪之间的博弈;在价值层面则是网络实名作为秩序重建的技术手段与匿名言论自由作为一项基本权利之间的博弈。在网络言论这种价值冲突的领域,实名制不符合价值权衡的功利原则、情势原则和比例原则,在泼"不法言论"脏水的同时,很可能会将盆子一起扔了,因此应当缓行。在其他如网络交易、交友、网游等价值中立的领域,实名制才有可适用的空间。

Facing the on-line rumor, lawmakers want to use real-name registration system and criminal law to suppress the crime by free speech in the internet. The real-name registration system has developed for ten years in China. There are always two different voices for and against this system which represent a kind of game between technology and value. In technical level, it means the game between rule of anonymous communication and crime of violence in the internet. In terms of value, it means the game between the technical method of using this system to reconstruct order and the fundamental right of free speech in the internet. In the conflicting ground, the real-name registration system does not conform to the principle of utility and the principle of situation and the principle of proportionality. It should go slow. In the other grounds such as network transactions, there are spaces for this system to use.