地黄多糖的化学和药理作用研究进展

Chemical and Pharmacological Effects of Rehmanniae Radix Polysaccharides

临床上应用的含地黄方剂种类众多,地黄多糖是其发挥作用的有效成分之一。本文全面总结近20年地黄多糖的化学结构、药理作用的研究进展,为地黄多糖和含地黄方剂的进一步研究与开发提供参考。检索中国知网,万方,Pub Med,Springer Link,Science Direct等国内外数据库,收集地黄多糖在化学成分、药理作用方面的文献,对其进行归纳和总结,形成综述。目前为止,从地黄中已经分离鉴定得到了相对分子质量为10^3～10^5的7种地黄多糖,由鼠李糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖等多种单糖组成。药理研究表明,地黄多糖对正常动物和病理动物都有较好的抗氧化能力,并进一步发挥抗衰老、抗肿瘤的活性;可通过多种途径降低病理模型动物的血糖和血脂水平;通过影响免疫器官、免疫细胞和细胞因子等增强正常动物和病理动物的免疫功能;促进正常动物和病理动物的骨髓造血作用;直接或间接发挥预防癌变和抗肿瘤的作用;保护脂肪间充质干细胞并促进其增殖;通过多种途径诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向神经样细胞分化,且主要的方向为神经元样细胞,并与正常神经元高度相似;还有抗疲劳、抗焦虑的作用。今后,仍需要分析地黄多糖的化学结构,对地黄多糖进行深入的毒理和临床药理研究,明确其作用机制,为地黄多糖在临床的扩大应用和安全使用奠定基础。

Rehmanniae Radix polysaccharides are one of active ingredients from prescriptions containing Rehmanniae Radix,which are widely applied in clinic. In order to provide reference for further studies and development of Rehmanniae Radix polysaccharides and prescriptions containing Rehmanniae Radix,the advances in the chemical and pharmacological effects of Rehmanniae Radix polysaccharides in the past two decades were summarized in an all-round way. Literatures on the chemical and pharmacological effects of Rehmanniae Radix polysaccharides from domestic and foreign databases,such as CNKI,Wanfang data,Pub Med,Springer Link and Science Direct,were collected,analyzed and summarized. So far,seven rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharides with relative molecular weight of 10^3-10^5 were isolated from Rehamanniae Radix,and composed of such monosaccharide as rhamnose, glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose and arabinose. According to the pharmacological study,Rehmanniae Radix polysaccharides showed a good anti-oxidation ability to normal and pathological animals and further anti-aging and anti-tumor activities,and can reduce the blood glucose and lipid levels through several ways,enhance the immunity function of normal and pathological animals by influencing immune organs,immune cells and cytokines,promote the hematopoietic function of normal and pathological animals,directly or indirectly prevent and resist tumors,protect adipose-derived stem cells and promote their proliferation. Through various ways,they can induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neuron-like cells,which are very similar to normal neurons. They can also resist fatigue and anxiety. In the future,more studies shall be made on the chemical structure,toxicology,clinical pharmacology of Rehmanniae Radix polysaccharides,in order to define their mechanisms and lay a foundation for promoting their clinical application and safety.