径向压下率与送进率对径向锻造工件质量的影响

Influences of radial reduction ratio and feed ratio on radial forging quality

采用有限元法建立并验证了径向锻造成形轴类锻件的轴对称数值模型,对工艺参数进行无量纲化,分析了压下率与送进率等参数对径向锻造成形中应力及应变分布、端面形状和锤头打击力的影响。基于心部等效应变均匀分布、端面不出现凹坑以及在锻造过程中心部出现三向压应力且锻后不出现残余拉应力等准则,建立了压下率与送进率的合理配合区域,给出了利用以上规律,兼顾锻件质量、生产率、锻造设备最大吨位等要求,合理选择压下率与送进率参数的径向锻造工艺设计示例。采用本研究得出的径向锻造成形规律可以有效地提高锻件质量。

An axisymmetric finite element model to simulate the radial forging process was established and verified, the dimensionless parameters were adopted, and the influences of radial reduction ratio and feed ratio on the stress and strain distribution, the end surface shape and forging force were analyzed. Based on the criteria of uniform equivalent strain distribution, without concave profile in end surface, three dimensional compressive stress during forging in the center and without residual tensile stress after forging, reasonable combination of the radial reduction ratio and feed ratio were determined. Finally, an example about selecting radial forging process parameters, considering forgings quality, productivity and capacity of the forging equipment was presented. The forging quality can be improved effectively by the radial forging forming rule obtained by the research.