海南糙海参性腺发育的周年变化

Annual change of gonadal development in Holothuria scabra from Hainan island

【目的】掌握我国海南糙海参（Holothuria scabra）的性腺发育周年过程及产卵类型、繁殖季节等繁殖生物学规律,为今后开展其野生种群资源保护及人工育苗提供参考。【方法】运用常规组织学方法对海南糙海参自然种群性腺发育的周年变化进行研究。【结果】根据观察结果,海南糙海参的精巢和卵巢发育均可按照恢复期（Ⅰ期）、增长期（Ⅱ期）、成熟期（Ⅲ期）、部分排放期（Ⅳ期）、排空期（Ⅴ期）等5个时期进行划分。糙海参雄性和雌性的性腺发育基本同步,在不同发育时期的群体数量差异较明显,其分布比例不均匀,呈两头（Ⅰ期、Ⅴ期）少、中间（Ⅱ-Ⅳ期）多的分布特点,其中Ⅲ期个体的比例最高,几乎每月样本中都有处于Ⅲ期的个体,分别占雌、雄性样本总数的35.48%和39.40%。【结论】海南糙海参雌、雄性种群的产卵和排精基本同步,属于分批产卵类型;种群在全年绝大部分时间均可繁殖,繁殖盛期为5-8月及12月-翌年2月,考虑到水温对繁殖活动的影响,生产上宜选择在5-8月收集亲参进行人工繁殖和育苗。

【Objective】The reproductive biology law of Holothuria scabra from Hainan was investigated, including annual change of gonadal development, spawning pattern, spawning season, in order to provide some references for its wild population protection and artificial breeding in future. 【Method 】The gonadal development and its annual change of H.scabra from Hainan were studied by paraffin section technique and H-E（haemotoxylin-eosin） staining method. 【Result】The results showed that the testis and ovary development of H. scabra could be divided into five stages as follows： recovery stage（Ⅰ）, growing stage（Ⅱ）, mature stage（Ⅲ）, partly spawned stage（Ⅳ） and spent stage（Ⅴ）. And the gonad development of male and female were basically synchronous, however, there were obvious differences in population quantity to be found among different development stages such as unequal distribution proportion, the distribution proportion at Ⅰand Ⅴ stages was more than that atⅡ-Ⅳ stages, especially the highest proportion at Ⅲ stage. Therefore, the female and male sample whose gonad development was at Ⅲ stage appeared almost in every month, accounting for 35.48% of total females and 39.40% of total males, respectively. 【Conclusion】The population of H. scabra from Hainan is synchronous in spawning and spermiation between male and female, belonging to batch spawning type. In addition, the population can reproduce for most of the year, two main spawning peaks occurred from May to August and from December to February, respectively. Considering influence of temperature on reproduction activity, the artificial propagation and breeding are conducted from May to August.