明代前期儒学的分化与台阁体、山林诗的分野

The Differentiation of Confucianism and the Division of the Secretariat Style and the Mountain forest Poetry in the Earlier Stage of the Ming Dynasty

明代前期(1369-1487),就儒学而言,有在朝的儒学与在野的儒学(心学)之分,就诗学而言,有台阁体与山林诗之分。台阁体关注富贵气象,山林诗关注隐逸气象;台阁体以取法雍容典雅、明丽高华的盛唐七律为特征,山林诗则致力于承续从陶渊明到王、孟、韦、柳的一脉。台阁体与山林诗的分野,其形成原因当然是多方面的,但儒学的分化无疑是重要背景之一。台阁体与在朝的儒学,山林诗与在野的儒学(心学),存在着密切而内在的关系。对此一关系的揭示,可以深化对明代前期诗学、儒学以及两者之间关系的认识,并为哲学与文学关系的思考提供一点思想资源。

In the early stage of the Ming Dynasty（1369—1487）,Confucianism divided into official and folk Confucianism, and the poetics also divided into the Secretariat Style and the Mountain forest Poetry.The pursuit of the Secretariat Style is gor-geous style,and the pursuit of the Mountain forest Poetry is the hermits temperament.The Secretariat Style’s goal is to imitate the septasyllabic in the flourishing period of Tang Dynasty,and the Mountain forest Poetry’s goal is to to imitate the style of Tao Yuanming,Wang Wei,Meng Haoran,Wei Yingwu and Liu Zongyuan.There are numerous reasons why the differentia-tion happened in the Secretariat Style and the Mountain forest Poetry,and the most important ones is the differentiation of Con-fucianism.Discussion on this issue will help to deepen the understanding about the relationship of the Confucianism and the po-etics in the earlier Stage of the Ming Dynasty,and also help to deepen the understanding about the relationship between philoso-phy and Literature.