小说学与“长时段”:论胡怀琛的中国小说史学

Theory of Novel and“Long Duration”:Researching in Chinese Fiction Historiography of Hu Huaichen

民国学者胡怀琛著有《中国小说研究》、《中国小说概论》、《中国小说的起源与演变》等普及型文学史著作,其研究理念与著述体例有别于鲁迅的《中国小说史略》。胡怀琛的中国小说史学以小说类型为经,以时代为纬,讲求小说学与小说史学的融合互渗,注重把握小说文体演变的内在逻辑与宏大结构。胡怀琛以现代意义的小说观为参照,重新整合经史子集中具有"小说"意味的文本,藉此重新发现中国的"小说",并重建各种历史文本与文类的关联性和有序性。胡怀琛将"长时段"的历史思维与解释方法运用于中国小说史研究,从"形"与"质"两方面勾勒出中国小说历史演化的基本轮廓。

Hu Huaichen,a scholar in the Republic of China（1912-1949）,has written so many popular literature histories, such as Research in Chinese Fiction,An introduction to Chinese Fiction and the Origin and Evolution of Chinese Fiction,whose research ideas and writing style is different from A Brief History of Chinese Fiction,which was written by Lu Xun.Chinese Fic-tion Historiography of Hu Huaichen covering novel type as well as time,mixes the theory of novel and fiction historiography to-gether,pays attention to grasp the internal logic style evolution and grand structure.Comparing with modern novel theory,Hu Huaichen reintegrates the texts in the Confucian classics,history,philosophy and belles-letters to rediscover Chinese “fiction”and rebuild the relevance and order of all kinds of historical texts and genres.Hu Huai uses “Long Durating”as historical think-ing and analyzing method to study the history of Chinese fiction,illustrating the basic outline of Chinese historical novel evolu-tion.